12.2 General and Special Senses Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 43 Topic: 12.2 General and Special Senses Essential Question: 12.2 General and Special Senses 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules What is the major difference between General and Special Senses? What is the major difference between General and Special Senses?

P. 42 NEED 10 LINES NEED 5 LINES Intro questions (x2) 1. General senses: Special senses: Sensation v. perception Video Notes (x10) NEED 10 LINES Optical Illusions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. NEED 5 LINES

Top Pg. 42 Intro. Questions Name your 5 senses. Hypothesize which of the 5 senses belong in each category: General senses- Special senses-

All senses work basically the same way: Sensory receptors stimulate neurons to send impulses along sensory fibers to the brain There the cerebral cortex forms a “perception”

General Senses General Senses are those with receptors that are widely distributed throughout the body Ex: Skin, muscles, and joints, viscera (organs and cavities of body) TOUCH!!!!

General Senses can be divided into three groups: Exteroceptive senses – senses associated with changes at the body surface Ex: touch, pressure, temperature, pain Visceroceptive senses – senses associated with changes in viscera (internal organs) Ex: blood pressure stretching blood vessels, ingesting a meal Proprioceptive senses – senses associated with changes in muscles and tendons and in body position

Hypothesize which of the 5 sensory receptors goes with each type of general sense? -verbal Touch/Pressure Mechanoreceptors Temperature Thermoreceptors Pain Nociceptors

Special Senses Special Senses have more specialized receptors whose receptors are located in the complex sensory organs of the head SMELL/ TASTE/ HEARING/ VISION!!!! Based on their location, hypothesize which senses are “special senses”

Hypothesize which type of receptor goes with each type of special sense? Smell Chemoreceptors-olfactory receptors Taste Chemoreceptors- taste cells aka gustatory cells-located in taste buds Hearing Mechanoreceptors- hair cells Vision Photoreceptors- rods and cones

Sensation Perception. In your own words… Top-Middle pg. 42 In your own words explain what you think the difference is between: Sensation and Perception.

Sensation A pleasant sound Small black lines A soft touch Sensation is the raw form in which the sensory receptors send information to the brain Gathered using the senses Sound, visual image, odor, taste, pain, etc. Sensation depends on which region of the cerebral cortex receives the impulse (i.e. one region is always interpreted as sound) A pleasant sound Small black lines A soft touch

Sensations Projection: While a sensation forms, the brain interprets it to seem to come from the receptors being stimulated. Allows us to pinpoint the region of stimulation Ex: We identify the eye as the region of stimulation when we see an object Perceive that the eyes see an apple

Perception Pleasant sound= Classical music Perception occurs when the brain interprets the sensory impulses. It is a person’s view of the stimulus. Help us make sense of our surroundings The brain organizes the information and translates/interprets it into something meaningful through memories or emotion Pleasant sound= Classical music Small black lines=Letters on an eye chart A soft touch= a hand

Perception

Pathways From Sensation to Perception (Example of an Apple)

Disorder: Prosopagnosia Prosopagnosia: aka “facial blindness” Prosopon- face Agnosia- not knowing A disorder where the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one's own face is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing and intellectual functioning remain intact.  No problem with sensation, but a problem with PERCEPTION

Sensory Adaptation What does it mean to “adapt” to something?

Sensory Adaptation Sensory adaptation is the ability to ignore unimportant stimuli or “get used” to it Otherwise you would be overwhelmed by unimportant information Involves a decreased response to a particular stimulus from the receptors Sensory impulses become less frequent and may cease Stronger stimulus is required to trigger impulses

Ex: you are probably unaware of the pressure of your clothing on your skin until it is brought to your attention

Crash Course: Sensation & Perception 10m45s Middle pg. 42 10 bullets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unWnZvXJH2o

Write down the first picture you see. Let’s take a look at how your brain “perceives” these optical illusions. Write down the first picture you see. Bottom of pg. 42

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Pushing the Limits: Sensation (8m 11s)