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Presentation transcript:

Learning

How do we learn? Two types of associative learning: Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Other types of learning: Cognitive learning Observational learning

Classical Conditioning Major People: Ivan Pavlov John Watson Pioneers of behaviorism The view that psychology Should be an objective science Studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Classical Conditioning A condition where one learns to links two or more stimuli to anticipate events Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex.

Pavlov’s Experiments

Pavlov’s Experiments

Pavlov’s Experiments

Pavlov’s Experiments

Classical Conditioning Conditioning can occur without an Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Classical Conditioning Conditioning can occur without an Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Classical Conditioning Conditioning can occur without an Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Classical Conditioning Although classical conditioning happens quite easily, there are a few basic principles that researchers have discovered: The UR (unconditioned response) and CR (conditioned response) are essentially the same – salivation. The CS (conditioned stimulus) must precede the US (unconditioned stimulus) in order for conditioning to occur – bell can’t follow food.

Classical Conditioning Check for understanding: An experimenter sounds a tone just before delivering an air puff to your blinking eye. After several repetitions, you blink to the tone alone. NS = US = UR = CS = CR = tone before procedure air puff blink to air puff tone after procedure blink to tone