Shengyi Fu, Laura Nance, Priya Pohani, Chance Rowan Period 6 Francisco Ignacio Madero “The people don’t want bread, they want freedom.” Shengyi Fu, Laura Nance, Priya Pohani, Chance Rowan Period 6

Biography/Background Madero served as the president of Mexico from 1911 to 1913 He was from a wealthy landowning family (fifth richest family in Mexico) in the northern state of Coahuila He was educated in the United States, Austria, and France He never held office until he ran for president in 1910 He helped organize the Benito Juárez Democratic Club and a political party in Coahuila He wanted honest elections, mass participation, and no reelection of presidents Arrested by Huerta on February 18, 1913, and executed February 22, 1913

Role in the revolution Madero started the newspaper “El Anti-Reelectionista” (the no re-electionist) that fostered an anti-Diaz movement Madero was nominated to run against Diaz, was jailed, and fled to the US Declared the Plan of San Luis Potosí which stated the 1910 elections void. Madero claimed to be the true president of Mexico. He also called for an armed insurrection. Madero led an unsuccessful attack on a military garrison but gained respect of revolution’s leaders Madero was elected president on November 6, 1911 via a very fair, democratic election

Rule Elected president in November 1911 Administration lasted 15 months He didn’t follow through with reforms → Not a true revolutionary Lost support of previous followers who were more radical Heavy reliance of federal military made him vulnerable Ignored villagers who brought him to power, was much more comfortable surrounded by former Porfirian elites than the common people. Francisco Madero probably signing something at Ciudad Juarez https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/ 736x/ff/e5/ea/ffe5ea5620a7d4bfb444dcc 085c81174.jpg

Support Díaz’s rule proved to be unfavorable for the peasants and middle classmen (harsh, old, weak) Díaz’s harsh regime created hatred from many ordinary citizens Madero gained support from those opposed to the Porfiriato rule Madero had loyalty from local revolutionaries, Zapatistas (because Madero promised land redistribution) and Pancho Villa (brought rural support from the north) Madero’s courage to fight against Díaz, who ruled for 30 years, increased his popularity amongst Mexican citizens → he represented change

Opposition Porfirio Díaz: Sent Madero to prison in San Luis Potosí → Madero released on bail → escaped to Texas in disguise Initial opposition: His voice and small appearance made him very hard for the “macho” army to accept Zapata: After coming into power, the Zapatistas did not receive any benefits of land redistribution → against Madero Widespread opposition due to his failure to recognize social and economic issues, conservative press No U.S. support Many of his cabinet members secretly plotted against him, including Huerta

Rebellion and Coup The United States supported many rebellions against Madero under U.S. ambassador Henry Lane Wilson 1. Bernardo Reyes: state governor under Díaz → supporter of Madero 2. Pascual Orozco: anti-Díaz → Madero supporter → hero in Chihuahua →appointed colonel 3. Feliz Díaz: nephew of Porfirio Díaz 4. Military Revolt 5. Huerta: 10 tragic days Feb. 9 - Feb. 19, 1913

Success Temporarily united the revolutionaries in an anti-diaz opposition Attempted to decentralize power Made some reforms (albeit limited) Department of Labor, rural credit system, and improved infrastructure Taxation of foreign oil companies to attempt to limit foreign influence Helped to initially spark the Mexican revolution Viewed rather favorably, became martyr after his murder

Failures No Real change He failed to address the actual problems of the Mexican people once he became president Little land reform - Lost support of Zapatistas → Zapata issued Plan of Ayala 3 weeks after Madero became president Failed to unite Mexico and secure his position - Betrayal of Huerta → Huerta easily overthrew Madero with support from the U.S. (ambassador Henry Lane Wilson)

Legacy Madero maintained Porfirian infrastructure, relied on family members, and kept the federal army in tact By calling on Huerta to crush Orozco and push back Zapata, he set himself up to be overthrown easily Sparked the Mexican Revolution/ “Father of the Revolution” Helped initiate the Revolution, ending Latin America’s longest dictatorship Honored as a Mexican hero Symbol of the revolution Known as “Apostle of Democracy”

Bibliography Pictures https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/ff/e5/ea/ffe5ea5620a7d4bfb444dcc085c81174.jpg https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/mexican-revolution-and-the-united-states/images/11241v_enlarge.jpg http://s3-media1.fl.yelpcdn.com/bphoto/ssBtKC_dwNPrmpnrnn1gEg/o.jpg http://www.notescollector.eu/image/fotos/mex1977500apesa.png http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/m/fotos/madero_francisco_2.jpg http://dominiociudadano.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/dec-870x320.jpg https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/28/145228-004-F325A357.jpg Resources http://www.biography.com/people/francisco-madero-39449 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Madero http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/presidentsofmexico/a/fmadero.htm http://www.fsmitha.com/h2/ch03mex2.htm http://clas.berkeley.edu/research/mexicos-centennials-promise-and-legacy-mexican-revolution Gonzales, Michael J. The Mexican Revolution. Albuquerque: U of New Mexico, 2002. Print.