Chapter 24-1 Dictators Threaten World Peace Mr. Wells

Overview Video: The Road to War

Causes of World War II 2. Economic instability in Europe 3. Rise of extremists 4. Failure of appeasement 5. German invasion of Poland 6. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

World War I Treaty of Versailles Germany lost land to surrounding nations War Reparations 1) Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to U.S. 2) Germany must pay $33 billion 3) Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed Germans

Economic Instability in Europe World Wide Depression The Depression made Germany’s debt even worse Desperate people turn to desperate leaders German people turn to to Adolf Hitler Hitler placed blame on Jews, Communists, foreigners, mentally ill, homosexuals (Scapegoats) 3) Kristallnacht - vandalism & destruction of Jewish property & synagogues Wallpapering with German Deutchmarks

Rise of Extremists In a Totalitarian country, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation Mussolini Hitler Stalin Communist Dictatorship (USSR) Fascist Dictatorship (Germany, Italy) Totalitarianism Hirohito Military Dictatorship (Japan) Tojo

Failure of Appeasement Appeasement: giving dictators what they want and hope that they won’t want anything else Japan invades Manchuria in 1931 Italy invades Ethiopia in 1935

German invasion of Poland 1939 Return of German Speaking Lands Nonaggression Pact Russia stays out of the war in return for 1/2 of Poland Great Britain & France declare war on Germany

France and Great Britain go to war against Germany

Cause for United States: Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 12/07/41

Rise of Dictators Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin Death of V.I. Lenin (1924) Against all private enterprise – state owns everything Five Year Plan: USSR becomes an Industrial Power * purges 8-13 million people in the process Stalin’s last name means “Superman”

Italy – Benito Mussolini 1921 – forms the Fascist Party Played on fears of economic collapse and communism Followers of Mussolini called themselves “Black Shirts” (uniforms) II Duce – “the leader”

Fasces Word: From the Latin word fasces meaning “bundle of rods” History: The ancient Roman symbol of authority

Germany – Adolf Hitler  Drifted around after WWI  Joined National Socialist German Worker’s Party (NAZI)  Became Der Fuher – “the Leader” of Party  Nazism: extreme nationalism – based on racial purificaiton  Hitler’s private army called storm troopers “Brown Shirts”  1933: Millions unemployed – elected Hitler chancellor (Prime Minister) of Germany

Adolf Hitler Video: The Road to War

Militarists take control in Japan Failure of the League of Nations Militarists take control in Japan invade Chinese province of Manchuria in 1931 Japan quits the League of Nations http://www.hudsonlibrary.org/Hudson%20Website/Images/Web%20Collection/Posters/AbrahamLincoln-AndrewJohnson.jpg

Japan invades Manchuria

Dictators in Europe Take Notice of Japanese Hitler violates Treaty of Versailles – sends troops in the Rhineland Hitler signs Rome-Berlin Axis Pact Italy/Mussolini targets Ethiopia (1935) - Ethiopia’s emperor appeals to League The League of Nations does nothing in response to any of these acts. “It is us today, it will be you tomorrow” – Haile Selassie (ousted emperor of Ethiopia)

Hitler cancelling the Treaty of Versailles

Panay Incident (1937) December 12, 1937. Japan bombed USS Panay gunboat & three Standard Oil tankers on the Yangtze River. The river was an international waterway. Japan was testing US resolve! Japan apologized, paid US an indemnity, and promised no further attacks. Americans were satisfied with the apology. Result  Japanese thought the U.S. wouldn’t do anything about further aggression

The American “Lincoln Brigade” Civil War in Spain Led by General Francisco Franco 3,000 Americans form Abraham Lincoln Battalion to fight against Franco 500,000 dead Franco declared victory in 1939  established another totalitarian government The American “Lincoln Brigade”

The U.S. Responds Cautiously Congress passes Neutrality Acts in 1935  to keep out of wars Neutrality breaks down  Americans against Franco in Spain  The U.S. begins sending arms and supplies to China (against Japan)

US Neutrality