Business Process Reengineering The search for, and implementation of, radical change in business process to achieve breakthrough results Fortune Magazine

Software Engineering II Lecture 41 Fakhar Lodhi

Recap

Business Processes A business process is “a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined business outcome” The way certain business is conducted Examples Purchasing services and supplies Hiring new employees Paying suppliers

A BPR Model Business definition Refinement & instantiation Prototyping Process Identification Process Specification Process Evaluation

BPR Model Business Definition Business goals are identified Key drivers Cost reduction Time reduction Quality improvement Personnel development and empowerment May be defined at the business level or for a specific component of the business

Process Identification Processes that are critical to achieving the goals Ranked by Importance Need for change Process Evaluation Existing process is analyzed and measured Process tasks are identified The cost and time consumed is measured The quality and performance problems are identified

Process specification and design Use cases are prepared for each process to be redesigned A new set of tasks are designed for the processes and then they are prototyped Prototyping A redesigned business process must be prototyped before it is fully integrated into the business Refinement and Instantiation Based on the feedback the business process is refined

Principles of BPR Organize around outcomes, not tasks Have those who use the output of the process perform the process Incorporate information processing work into the real work that produces the raw information Treat geographically dispersed resources as though they were centralized Link parallel activities instead of integrating their results Put the decision point where the work is performed, and build control into the process Capture data once, at its source

Philosophy Refactoring is the process of changing a software system such that: The external behavior of the system does not change The internal structure of the system is improved This is sometimes called “Improving the design after it has been written”

Fowler’s definition Refactoring (noun) A change made to the internal structure of software to make it easier to understand and cheaper to modify without changing its observable behavior Refactoring (verb) To restructure software by applying a series of refactorings without changing its observable behavior