Date Submitted: [xx Nov, 2009] Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: Biological Effects of WPT systems for MICS and Needs for Standardization of WPT systems Date Submitted: [xx Nov, 2009] Source: JoonHyeok Oh[CNU], Jeong Ki Pack[CNU], Tae Hong Kim[CNU], YangMoon Yoon[KORPA], MoonYoung Choi[KORPA], SangYun Lee[KORPA] Contact: JoonHyeok Oh, Chungnam National Univ, Korea Voice: : E-mail:clementa@naver.com Re: [n/a] Abstract: Provide some information on possible biological effects due to WPT systems and discuss the necessity for standardization Purpose: To investigate possible biological effects of WPT systems for MICS devices and to propose needs for standardization of WPT systems Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual's or organization's. The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor's reserves the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and maybe made publicly available by P802.15.

Biological Effects of WPT systems for MICS and Needs for Standardization of WPT systems JoonHyeok Oh[CNU], Tae Hong Kim[CNU] Jeong Ki Pack[CNU], , YangMoon Yoon[KORPA], MoonYoung Choi[KORPA], SangYun Lee[KORPA] Good afternoon. Nice to meet you. I’m glad to see you again after Dallas meeting. Let me introduce myself. My name is KiBum Kwon. And I’m senior engineer working in KORPA. OK, now I’d like to explain why wireless power transmission scheme need for the implant devices and what limitations are considered for using wireless power transmission. 2

Purpose and Contents This document presents to investigate possible biological effects of WPT systems for MICS devices and to propose needs for standardization of WPT systems Contents - Introduction - WPT system - Human protection guideline - Simulation 1 (403 MHz) - RF transmission - Simulation 2 (800 kHz) - Inductive coupling - Conclusions Even though this page shows that the purpose of presentation is just considering about WPT frequency, but I’d like to propose WPT to TG6 standardization. If I have a chance, I’d like to propose WPT to TG6 standardization with formal style in Montreal meeting. 3

Introduction Recently, application of WPT systems to MICS Nov 2009 Introduction Recently, application of WPT systems to MICS devices is actively investigated. However, WPT systems could cause possible health effects. The results of the preliminary study are presented and necessity for some kinds of standard is discussed. * WPT: Wireless Power Transmission

MICS devices Power requirements of IMD devices Nov 2009 Typical power requirement Pacemaker 30~100uW Cardiac Defibrillator Neurological Stimulator 30uW to several mW Drug Pump 100uW to 2mW Cochlear Implants 10mW Capsule Endoscope 37mW Power requirements of IMD devices * MICS: Medical Implanted Communication System Slide 5

WPT system for MICS Methods Inductive coupling technology: Nov 2009 WPT system for MICS Methods Inductive coupling technology: several cm – about 10 cm Non-radiative resonance technology: several m RF transmission technology: over several m Frequencies 125 kHz, 800 kHz, 10 MHz, 13.6 MHz, 40.68 MHz, 401 - 406 MHz, other ISM bands Slide 6

Inductive coupling technology Nov 2009 Inductive coupling technology Widspower’s non-contact charger device Slide 7

Non-radiative resonant technology Nov 2009 Non-radiative resonant technology Intel’s Wireless Resonant Energy Link technology KETI’s thin film type WPT system Slide 8

RF transmission technology Nov 2009 RF transmission technology PowerCast’s wireless charger device Slide 9

Human protection guideline (SAR) Nov 2009 Human protection guideline (SAR) Division ICNIRP CNELEC USA IEEE JAPAN KOREA Whole body 0.4(0.08) Section Limbs 20(4) 1.6 Head 10(2) 8(1.6) Body Tissue mass (g) 10 1(Head,Body) 10(Limbs) 1 * Figures in the ( ) indicate general public’s one * Reference : IEEE C95.1-2005 Slide 10 10

Human protection guideline (E/H field) Nov 2009 Human protection guideline (E/H field) [2] Electric field Magnetic field - General Public - Slide 11 11

Simulation for WPT systems Nov 2009 Simulation for WPT systems RF transmission system 403 MHz Pacemaker, Neurological Stimulator, Drug Pump, Cochlear Implants, Capsule Endoscope Inductive coupling system 800 kHz Slide 12

Simulation 1 – RF transmission (1) Nov 2009 Simulation 1 – RF transmission (1) Frequency : 403 MHz Model : Korean phantom model (by ETRI) Antenna : Dipole antenna Tool : Remcom’s XFDTD 6.6 version 17 1 10 16 15 2 3 4 5 9 6 7 8 11 14 13 12 Slide 13

Simulation 1 – RF transmission (2) Nov 2009 Simulation 1 – RF transmission (2) Power density vs depth Skin : 62 ~ 65 % fat : 57 ~ 62 % muscle : 38 ~ 41 % heart : 10 ~ 33 % liver : 8 ~ 9 % stomach : 1.8 ~ 6.7 % Skin Stomach Slide 14

Average SAR in exposed Object (W/kg) Nov 2009 Simulation 1 – RF transmission (3) Maximum SAR for 1 W input Average SAR in exposed Object (W/kg) 1.06x10-2 Maximum 1g SAR (W/kg) 3.34 Maximum 10g SAR 1.70 Slide 15

Simulation 1 – RF transmission (4) Nov 2009 Simulation 1 – RF transmission (4) Estimated input power for MICS devices Pace Maker Neuro. Stimul. Drug Pump Coch. Implant Capsule Endo. 45 mW 40 mW 3 W 7 W 25 W Ae = 0.044 (where, ) Slide 16

Simulation 1 – RF transmission (5) Nov 2009 Simulation 1 – RF transmission (5) Estimated maximum SAR values Pace Maker Neuro. Stimul. Drug Pump Coch. Implant Capsule Endo. 1g SAR (W/kg) 0.15 0.13 10.2 23.38 83.5 10g SAR 0.08 0.07 5.1 11.9 42.5 Slide 17

Simulation 2 – Inductive coupling (1) Nov 2009 Simulation 2 – Inductive coupling (1) Capsular endoscope Wireless energy receiver Wireless energy transmitter Prototype of C.E developed in Korean research group Slide 18

Simulation 2 – Inductive coupling (2) Nov 2009 Simulation 2 – Inductive coupling (2) Wireless power transmission system by inductive coupling. Equivalent current driving circuit for magnetic field generation Resonance frequency : 800 kHz Tx coil size : 450 mm (width) * 250 mm (depth) * 450 mm (height) 20 turns Coil current = 2.6 A Tool : Ansoft HFSS Slide 19

Simulation 2 – Inductive coupling (3) Nov 2009 Simulation 2 – Inductive coupling (3) Magnetic Field Intensity and Human Exposure Safety [3] Magnetic Field Intensity (H) Capsule Endoscope Operation (3.0 VDC, 37 mW) 26 A/m (3.0 VDC, 150 mW ) 119 A/m FCC (USA) Guideline 20.4 A/m @ 800 kHz Korea (Occupational) and EC Guideline 2.0 A/m @ 800 kHz Korea (General Public) Guideline 0.91 A/m @ 800 kHz Slide 20

Conclusions WPT technology is useful for MICS. Nov 2009 Conclusions WPT technology is useful for MICS. The preliminary study shows that WPT system could cause some hazardous effects on human body. More intensive studies on biological effects due to exposure to such systems are required. Standardization for WPT system for MICS seems to be necessary. . Slide 21

Nov 2009 References [1] A Planar Spiral Antenna of Multi-Tabs for Wireless Power Transmission of Inductive Coupling [2] DOC : IEEE 802.15-19-0158-01-0ban [3] Coil Capacitor Circuit Design of a Transcuteneous Energy Transmission System to Deliver Stable Electric Power [4] Wireless Energy Transfer Technology Slide 22

Thank you for your attention! Q & A. 23