Unit 1 Recap Native Americans lived in numerous societies – livelihood based on geography. European exploration turned into colonization – led to decline in Native American population Many European nations “colonized” the so-called New World (Portugal, Spain, France, the Netherlands, and the British). The British = 13 colonies (one of which, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was the setting of Arthur Miller’s The Crucible.)

The colonies declare independence What does “colonial America” mean? 1600 1700 1800 1900 “colonial America” United States British established 13 colonies in the America The colonies declare independence (July 4, 1776) NO MORE COLONIES! NO MORE SUBJECTS OF THE BRITISH CROWN! British citizens or “subjects”

Arthur Miller’s The Crucible (the play we will begin to read next week) takes place in a small town called Salem in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Locate Salem on your map and label it.

Will eventually become… The United States of America

Today’s Aim: To identify and evaluate the differences among the three colonial regions of British North America.

Geography as well as climate greatly affected people’s livelihoods in the English colonies. New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies

* Absence of large-scale farming = very few slaves/indentured servants New England Colonies Geography/Climate = Rocky soil Dense forests Coastal waters Economy based on = Small-scale farming Timber (shipbuilding) Cod, halibut, shellfish, whale, oysters, etc… * Absence of large-scale farming = very few slaves/indentured servants

* Slaves/indentured servants most often worked as house servants Middle Colonies Geography/Climate = River valleys rich and fertile Growing season longer than in New England region Economy based on = Medium-scale farming (Wheat, barley and rye) Raised cattle and pigs Urban employment * Slaves/indentured servants most often worked as house servants

* Large-scale farming = large population of slaves/indentured servants Southern Colonies Geography/Climate = Warm temperatures and regular rainfall Rich and fertile soil Economy based on = Large-scale farming (plantations) Rice, tobacco, indigo (north) Cotton (south) * Large-scale farming = large population of slaves/indentured servants

SLAVE POPULATION AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL POPULATION OF ORGINIAL THIRTEEN COLONIES, 1770 Colony Slave Population Percentage New Hampshire 654 1% Massachusetts 4,754 2% Connecticut 5,698 3% Rhode Island 3,791 6% New York 19,062 12% New Jersey 8,220 7% Pennsylvania 5,561 Delaware 1,836 5% Maryland 63,818 32% Virginia 187,600 42% North Carolina 69,600 35% South Carolina 75,168 61% Georgia 15,000 45&