Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions in Biology Condensation Hydrolysis Neutralization Oxidation

Condensation and Hydrolysis Reactions We have already covered!

Neutralization Reactions!

Acids Proton donor or produces H+ / H3O+ ions an acid is sour conducts electricity turns blue litmus paper red

Bases Proton acceptor or produces OH- ions e.g. NaOH  Na+ + OH- a base is bitter has a slippery feel conducts electricity changes red litmus paper blue

Neutralization Reaction General Equation: Acid + Base  Salt + Water HCl(aq) NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) H2O(l)

pH Scale Used to measure the acidity of a substance The scale ranges from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic). Each pH unit represents a tenfold change in the concentration of H+, - thus pH 2 has 10x as many H+ (protons) as pH 3.

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction (Redox Rxn) LEO the lion says GER

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Oxidized Material/Reducing Agent: The reactant that loses electrons in the reaction Reduced Material/Oxidizing Agent: The reactant that gains electrons in the reaction

Redox Reactions in biology Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are examples of redox reactions in biology In cellular respiration glucose is oxidized to CO2 In photosynthesis CO2 is reduced to glucose