Johnson and Social Change The times they are a changin’ --Bob Dylan Somebody once asked could I spare some change for gas I need to get myself away from this place I said yep, what a concept I could use a little fuel myself And we could all use a little change --Smashmouth Motivate your a**, call me malcolm x --Beyonce So don't matter how much I say I like to preach with the Panthers Or tell Georgia State "Marcus Garvey got all the answers" Or try to celebrate February like it's my B-Day Or eat watermelon, chicken and Kool-Aid on weekdays Or jump high enough to get Michael Jordan endorsements Or watch B.E.T cause urban support is important So why did I weep when Trayvon Martin was in the street? --Kendrick lamar

Great Society President Johnson’s legislative programs that declared a “war on poverty” More than 60 poverty and welfare programs were passed between 1965-68

Medicare – a medical insurance programs set up for elderly Head Start – a medical insurance program set up for those living below the poverty line Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) – cabinet position in charge of public housing and developing model cities

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Signed by Johnson Federal law that barred discrimination in employment and public facilities and prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender Also desegregated public spaces

24th Amendment 24th Amendment (1964) – increased the ability of blacks to vote by eliminating poll taxes

Malcolm X Malcolm X- championed black separatism and called for freedom to be brought by any means necessary Black Power – African Americans gaining economic and political power to achieve equal rights, by force if necessary

Dissidence in the Civil Rights Movement MLK on Civil Disobedience Malcolm X on Black Separatism Wanted to build an integrated community Rejected "the hatred and despair of the black nationalist," believing that the fate of black Americans was "tied up with America's destiny." Despite enslavement and segregation, believed white America could be reformed by the nonviolent Civil Rights Movement. Civil Disobedience - a strategy for causing social change by means of non-violent resistance to unfair laws "You don't integrate with a sinking ship” = explanation of why he did not favor integration As chief spokesman of the Nation of Islam, argued America was too racist in its institutions and people to offer hope to blacks Americans. The solution: a separate nation for blacks to develop themselves apart

African Americans and Progressivism Booker T. Washington - way to equality is through vocational education and economic success Founded Tuskegee Institute to teach these skills Accepted social separation of races Atlanta Compromise Speech (1895) - blacks should accept the treatment of Southern whites W.E.B. Dubois supported political equality believing blacks should use the courts to fight for their rights Education meaningless without equality Niagara Movement (1905) – a movement to stop social injustices such as segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans, led to creation of the NAACP

The Chicano Movement Movement in which Mexican Americans : Defined and took pride in their own identity Asserted their civil rights while raising awareness of the injustices suffered by Mexican Americans Worked towards improving their financial, social, and political circumstances Also known as El Movimiento Mostly in the northwestern, southwestern, and parts of the midwestern United States Many goals from farm workers rights, reclaiming land, and equal access to education, voting and political rights

1968 LA School Walk Outs Mexican Americans students literally walked out of their schools due to the high drop out rates, poor school infrastructure, and lack of coverage of Mexican American’s contributions to the nation Wanted bilingual education More Mexican American history courses More Mexican American teachers

Cesar Chavez United Farm Workers of America (1962) - formed to help Mexican-American farm workers get fair treatment Cesar Chavez - was concerned with the discrimination toward Mexican American farmers in CA so founded the UFWA

Women’s Movement Movement to gain : Equal pay Equal political rights Right to their bodies/sexual reproductive health Equal access to education and opportunities in the workplace In addition to lobbying for these equal rights which women were denied, women were also active in other movements like: New environmental movement Chican0(a) movement Black civil rights movement, Anti-Vietnam movement LGBTQ movement

The Feminine Mystique (1963) Book written by Betty Friedan that described women’s lack of fulfillment and disillusionment with the strict gender roles of the 1950s  helped to farther women’s movement Friedan was a victim of the false conformity and suppression of the 1950s by the government because she had a long history of activism in the 1950s but denied this later in life

National Organization for Women (NOW) Organization that promoted equal and more opportunities for women in education and the workplace Pauli Murray was a founding member LGBTQ Activist Durhamite Black woman

LGBTQ Community in the 1950s “Lavender Scare” = federal and state employees investigated and thousands fired who were suspected of being gay or lesbian, Many thought lesbians and gay men posed more of a threat to national security than Communists Ironically government persecution brought more visibility to LGBT people which led them to seek each other out and form organizations to raise political and social consciousness. Term “transgender” not yet in use during the 1950s Christine Jorgensen made national news by becoming the first American to undergo surgery to change her gender Former WWII GI

LGBTQ Community in the 1960s Stonewall Riots in 1969 = the beginning of the modern LGBT rights movement Led to gay pride parades but LGBT people had been activists before 1960s Following the Stonewall riots, LGBT activists embraced more radical politics, joining groups like the Gay Liberation Front. The generation of gay men and lesbians who came of age during the late 60s and 70s were inspired by the era’s “new culture of protest.” Harvey Milk, first openly gay man elected to public office in US Assassinated in 1978