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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 17 Opener Two species that can hybridize Evolution-2e-Chapter-17-Opener.jpg

Figure 17.1 Three closely related birds Evolution-2e-Fig-17-01-0.jpg

Figure 17.2 An example of sympatric hybridization Evolution-2e-Fig-17-02-0.jpg

Figure 17.3 The fraction of named species that represent reproductively independent lineages in several major groups of plants and animals Evolution-2e-Fig-17-03-0.jpg

Figure 17.4 The phylogeny of some species and populations in the moth genus Greya, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data Evolution-2e-Fig-17-04-0.jpg

Figure 17.4 The phylogeny of some species and populations in the moth genus Greya, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data Evolution-2e-Fig-17-04-0R.jpg

Figure 17.5 Oscillograms of the songs of three morphologically indistinguishable species of green lacewings (Chrysoperla) Evolution-2e-Fig-17-05-0.jpg

Figure 17.6 Secondary sexual characteristics, such as bright color patterns and elaborate crests and tail feathers, vary greatly among male hummingbirds Evolution-2e-Fig-17-06-0.jpg

Figure 17. 7 (A) Mimulus lewisii is typical of bee-pollinated flowers Figure 17.7 (A) Mimulus lewisii is typical of bee-pollinated flowers. (B) F1 hybrid between M. lewisii and M. cardinalis. (C) M. cardinalis is typical of bird-pollinated flowers. (D–F) Some F2 hybrids Evolution-2e-Fig-17-07-0.jpg

Figure 17.8 The posterior lobe of the genital arch in males of three closely related species of Drosophila Evolution-2e-Fig-17-08-0.jpg

Figure 17.9 An example of species distinguished by morphological characters Evolution-2e-Fig-17-09-0.jpg

Box 17B Diagnosis of a New Species: Ophraella slobodkini Evolution-2e-Box-17-B-0.jpg

Figure 17.10 The level of prezygotic or postzygotic reproductive isolation between pairs of populations and species of Drosophila, plotted against genetic distance (D) Evolution-2e-Fig-17-10-0.jpg

Figure 17.10 The level of prezygotic or postzygotic reproductive isolation between pairs of populations and species of Drosophila, plotted against genetic distance (D) Evolution-2e-Fig-17-10-0R.jpg

Figure 17.11 The level of prezygotic isolation among allopatric and sympatric pairs of Drosophila populations, plotted against genetic distance (D) Evolution-2e-Fig-17-11-0.jpg

Figure 17.11 The level of prezygotic isolation among allopatric and sympatric pairs of Drosophila populations, plotted against genetic distance (D) Evolution-2e-Fig-17-11-0R.jpg

Figure 17. 12 Proportion of males with motile sperm in nonhybrid D Figure 17.12 Proportion of males with motile sperm in nonhybrid D. simulans and in backcross hybrids with various combinations of chromosome arms from D. simulans and D. mauritiana Evolution-2e-Fig-17-12-0.jpg

Figure 17. 12 Proportion of males with motile sperm in nonhybrid D Figure 17.12 Proportion of males with motile sperm in nonhybrid D. simulans and in backcross hybrids with various combinations of chromosome arms from D. simulans and D. mauritiana Evolution-2e-Fig-17-12-0R.jpg

Figure 17.13 Gene interactions that cause sterility or inviability in hybrids between species Evolution-2e-Fig-17-13-0.jpg

Figure 17.13 Gene interactions that cause sterility or inviability in hybrids between species Evolution-2e-Fig-17-13-0R.jpg

Figure 17.14 (A) Five chromosomes of the jimsonweeds Datura stramonium and D. discolor, which differ by five reciprocal translocations Evolution-2e-Fig-17-14-0.jpg

Figure 17.14 (A) Five chromosomes of two jimsonweed species, which differ by five reciprocal translocations. (B) Possible arrangement of these chromosomes in synapsis in an F1 hybrid Evolution-2e-Fig-17-14-0R.jpg

Figure 17.15 The distribution of four “races” of the mole-rat Spalax ehrenbergi with different chromosome numbers Evolution-2e-Fig-17-15-0.jpg

Figure 17.15 The distribution of four “races” of the mole-rat Spalax ehrenbergi with different chromosome numbers Evolution-2e-Fig-17-15-0R.jpg

Figure 17.16 The transition from genetic polyphyly to paraphyly to monophyly in speciation Evolution-2e-Fig-17-16-0.jpg

Figure 17.17 Incomplete lineage sorting results in a polyphyletic gene tree for the α-enolase locus Evolution-2e-Fig-17-17-0.jpg

Figure 17.18 Expected patterns of variation in frequency of alleles or characters across a hybrid zone originating by (A) divergent selection and (B) secondary contact Evolution-2e-Fig-17-18-0.jpg

Figure 17.19 Hybrid zone between (A) the fire-bellied toad and (B) yellow-bellied toad. (C) Allele frequencies at six diagnostic enzyme loci. (D) Frequencies of seven morphological characters Evolution-2e-Fig-17-19-0.jpg

Figure 17.19 The hybrid zone between (A) the fire-bellied toad and (B) the yellow-bellied toad Evolution-2e-Fig-17-19-1.jpg

Figure 17.19 (C) Average allele frequencies at six diagnostic enzyme loci Evolution-2e-Fig-17-19-2.jpg

Figure 17.19 (D) Average frequencies of seven morphological characters Evolution-2e-Fig-17-19-3.jpg

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Evolution-2e-Table-17-02-1.jpg

Evolution-2e-Table-17-02-2.jpg