Aim: What are the causes of the French Revolution?

Causes of the French Revolution Absolute Monarchy with a WEAK LEADER Louis XVI American Revolution Enlightenment Ideas Liberty, Freedom, Limited Government Financial Problems Overspending: Luxury and War Poverty of 3rd Estate – Heaviest Tax Burden, No Voice in Government

The Phases of the French Revolution

I. The Old Regime 1700s (Conservative) Absolute Monarchy King Louis has TOTAL POWER 3 Estates (Classes) 1st Estate – Clergy 2nd Estate – Nobility 3rd Estate - Commoners Estates General No political power for the poor

II. The National Assembly (1789-1791: Moderate) Tennis Court Oath Demands a CONSTITUTION Storming the Bastille Spark of the REVOLUTION Declaration of the Rights of Man Protection of Individual Rights and Liberties King’s Power is Limited Limited Monarchy

Declaration of the Rights of Man Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally, or through his representative, in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's person shall be severely repressed by law. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law. A common contribution is essential for the maintenance of the public forces and for the cost of administration. This should be equitably distributed among all the citizens in proportion to their means. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived thereof except where public necessity, legally determined, shall clearly demand it, and then only on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.

Tennis Court Oath

Estates General

Storming the Bastille

III. The National Convention (1792-1795: Radical) Jacobins – Radical Political Group Leader - Maximilian Robespierre Committee of Public Safety – Temporary Government of France during the REIGN OF TERROR. Guillotine Louis XVI tried for treason and beheaded

Beheading of Louis XVI

IV. The Directory (1795-1799: Moderate) Bourgeosie (upper class) in power 2 house legislature established Executive Body runs Government

V. Napoleon (1799-1815: Conservative) Coup d’Etat – Overthrow of Government Napoleonic Code – Legal Code Continental System – Napoleon’s Foreign policy to blockade Great Britain. Peninsular War – Fought for control of the Iberian Peninsula Invades Russia – BIG MISTAKE

VI. Napoleon’s Downfall Continental System Peninsular War Invasion of Russia Defeat by coalition

Aim: What was the impact of the French Revolution

1. Declaration of the Rights of Man Based on Declaration of Independence All men have natural rights Freedom of Religion Equality for All

2. Congress of Vienna An agreement between the nations of Europe aimed at lasting peace and stability Leads to a BALANCE OF POWER

3. Latin American Revolutions Latin Americans Revolt after American and French Revolutions inspire change. Powerful Revolutionaries Establish Independence Simon Bolivar Jose de San Martin

Catholic missionaries from Spain & France converted Indians From 1500 to 1800, Latin America was colonized by Europe, especially Spain European nations used mercantilism to gain wealth from their American colonies Catholic missionaries from Spain & France converted Indians

White Europeans were at the top of society One major impact of European colonization was the unequal social hierarchy in Latin America Text Peninsulares were royal governors sent by the king to enforce mercantilism & maintain order in the colony

From 1800 to 1830, Latin American colonies began declaring independence from European nations & establishing democracies throughout the Americas

CAUSES PROBLEMS WITH THE FRENCH AND ENLIGHTENMENT SPANISH EMPIRES IDEALS CAUSES AMERICAN AND FRENCH REVOLUTIONS NATIONALISM & DESIRE FOR ECONOMIC FREEDOM

Revolutionary Leaders Toussaint L’Ouverture – Haiti (France) Father Hidalgo and Father Jose Morelos – Mexico (Spain) Simon Bolivar – Venezuela/Colombia (Spain) Jose De San Martin – Argentina/Chile (Spain) Dom Pedro - Brazil

Effects of Latin American Independence Movements Colonial Rule Ends Countries gain Independence and form new nations