به نام پروردگار.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Regents Biology Nucleic acids: Information molecules.
Advertisements

Mitochondria Somatic tissue Bone Bone production.
Technological Solutions. In 1977 Sanger et al. were able to work out the complete nucleotide sequence in a virus – (Phage 0X174) This breakthrough allowed.
Biotechnology Methods Producing Recombinant DNAProducing Recombinant DNA Locating Specific GenesLocating Specific Genes Studying DNA SequencesStudying.
Regents Biology Nucleic acids: Information molecules.
Regents Biology Nucleic acids: ______________________.
Biotechnology Techniques
PHARMACOBIOTECHNOLOGY.  Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is constructed outside the living cell using enzymes called “restriction enzymes” to cut DNA at specific.
Brief Overview of Macromolecules DNA, RNA, and Proteins.
Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is also referred to as recombinant DNA technology – new combinations of genetic material are produced by artificially.
Nucleic Acids Examples DNA RNA ATP DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
Nucleic Acid Nucleic Acids Examples: – RNA (ribonucleic acid) single helix – DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) double helix Structure: – monomers = nucleotides.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Head Tail fiber DNA Tail.
nome/program.html.
DNA Intro: DNA. Background Information: It is important to recall from the information from unit C about DNA. The acronym DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic.
Chapter 14 GENETIC TECHNOLOGY. A. Manipulation and Modification of DNA 1. Restriction Enzymes Recognize specific sequences of DNA (usually palindromes)
DNA Technology. I. Vectors: Things used to transport genes into cells.
Aim #68: What are some applications of Genetic Engineering? Genetic Engineering is a process that is used to the alter the genetic instructions in organisms.
DNA and RNA Structure and Function Chapter 12 DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID Section 12-1.
DNA
Lesson 7e: Nucleic acids: Information molecules
Information molecules
13/11/
Aim: What are some applications of Genetic Engineering?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: What do all cells have in common?
CHAPTER 8 MICROBIAL GENETICS: BIO 244 MICROBIOLOGY
Chapter 13 Section 3 Cell Transformation
Molecular Genetics.
13-3 Cell Transformation Interactive pgs. 329.
Higher Biology Structure of DNA Mr G R Davidson.
Overview of Genetics Genes make us who we are!.
Information molecules
Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids.
Information molecules
Information molecules
DNA: The Molecule of Life
The making of proteins for …..
Copy 115.DNA replication W/s DNA to RNA notes
Chapter 13.3 Cell Transformation.
Gene Expression 1. Gene expression is the activation of a gene that results in transcription and the production of mRNA. Only a fraction of any cell’s.
Nucleic Acids 1 1.
Nucleotide.
Nucleic Acids 2 Types What do they do? DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid
Unit 7 “DNA & RNA” 10 Words.
What is the structure and function of DNA?
Nucleic Acids.
Isolating DNA from Bacterial Cells.
Nucleic Acids.
DNA and RNA Structure and Function
GENETICS (Geneology) the study of “genes” Inheritable traits that
Information molecules
Chromosomes & DNA Replication
Isolating DNA from Bacterial Cells.
What is the structure and function of DNA?
A gene is a segment of DNA that holds the ‘directions’ for a certain physical trait such as eye color The ‘directions’ contained on a gene or genes tells.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Players in the protein game
AMAZING DNA FACTS… DNA from a single human cell extends in a single thread for almost 2 meters long!!! It contains information equal to some 600,000 printed.
DNA Vocabulary.
Unit 3c Microbial Genetics.
Information molecules
Information molecules
DNA Transcription and Translation
NUCLEIC ACIDS:.
Information molecules
Heredity Human Chromosomes.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Genes Determine the characteristics of individuals.
The Double Helix DNA has 2 polynucleotide strands that are held together by hydrogen bonds. The two strands are coiled together to form a helical structure.
A Quick Review! What determines a proteins function?
Presentation transcript:

به نام پروردگار

فناوری DNA نوترکیب قسمت اول:آشنایی بیوتکنولوژی فناوری DNA نوترکیب قسمت اول:آشنایی

Recombinant DNA Technology

DNA is the genetic material of most organisms (from bacteria to humans) Plasmid Chromosome: Most bacteria have one circular DNA chromosome ranging in size from 1,000 to 8,000 kilobase pairs. Plasmid: Extrachromosomal genetic element also made of a circular DNA molecule. Bacterial Genome: The collection of all of the genes present on the bacteria’s chromosome or its extrachromosomal genetic elements.

DNA is the genetic material of most organisms (from bacteria to humans)

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA Only in RNA, not DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long double-stranded chain of nucleotides A, C, G, and T A always pairs with T. C always pairs with G The two strands of DNA are in an ant parallel configuration Two complementary DNA strands will separate when heated, and will spontaneously pair together again (hybridize) when cooled

DNA Double Helix

همسانه سازی ژن - وارد کردن قطعه ای از DNA حاوی ژن مورد مورد نظر به داخل یک مولکول DNA دیگر که معمولاً حلقوی است وناقل همسانه سازی نامیده می شود ودر نتیجه ایجاد یک مولکول DNA ی نوترکیب . 2- وارد نمودن مولکول DNA نوترکیب توسط عمل تراریخت سازی به درون سلول میزبان . 3- تکثیر ناقل در داخل سلول میزبان در نتیجه تکثیر مولکول DNA نوترکیب . 4- در نتیجه تکثیر سلول میزبان ، نسخه هایی از DNA نوترکیب به داخل سلولهای دختری رفته و تکثیر تصاعدی ناقل را باعث می شود .

نکته اما در ابتدا همسانه سازی برای تولید قطعات یکسان ژن ابدا شد گاهی همسانه سازی مستقیما جهت تولید پروتئین به کار برده می شود

ناقل‌های همسانه سازی یا ژن کلونینگ وکتور(ناقل) دارای مجموعه‌ای از خصوصیت است، شامل: 1. همانندسازی مستقل از سلول میزبان داشته باشد. به این دلیل که بتواند سریعتر از تقسیم سلولی تکثیر شود تا در نهایت نسخه‌های زیادی از آن تولید شود. 2. در هنگام تقسیم سلولی به سلول‌های دختری ( سلول‌های حاصل از تقسیم ) انتقال یابد. 3. اندازه‌ی کوچک در حدود 10 کیلوباز داشته باشد، چراکه مولکول‌های بزرگتر از این مقدار ممکن است در طی مراحل تخلیص و کلونینگ خرد شود و دستورزی آن نیز مشکل است.

ناقل‌های همسانه سازی یا ژن کلونینگ پلاسمیدها فاژها ویروس ها کروموزوم مصنوعی باکتریایی کروموزوم مصنوعی مخمر وکتورهای بیانی شاتل وکتورها

Plasmid with foreign gene Viral gene Recombinant DNA Technology Expression plasmid Plasmid with foreign gene

Transform into bacterial cell Plasmid DNA Bacterial cell

Plasmid DNA get Amplified

Plasmid DNA Purified Ready to use

Nucleus Plasmid DNA MHC-I mRNA Antigenic Peptides Antigenic Protein

موفق باشین

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.