Classification of Matter

Pure Substance Has a definite composition Examples: elements – rock salt compounds – sand or silicon dioxide

Elements Definite composition Made of one kind of atom Cannot be broken down by chemical or physical means Listed on the Periodic Table

Models of an Element One kind of atom One kind of atom

Compound Definite composition Made of two or more elements that have been chemically combined Can be broken down by chemical means such as electrolysis, heat Example: sodium bicarbonate

Model of a Compound Two elements chemically combined

Mixture Variable composition Two or more pure substances physically mixed together Can be separated by physical means.

Model of A Mixture Element and Compound 2 Different Elements

Heterogeneous Mixture Variable composition Non-uniformly mixed

Homogeneous Mixture Variable composition Uniformly mixed Can be separated by distillation or chromatography

Matter Classification

Separation of Mixtures Mixtures can be separated by physical means such as distillation; chromatography, filtration, and evaporation Magnetism can also be used to separate mixtures

Evaporation A liquid can be removed from a mixture of a solid and liquid by evaporation.

Filtration A mixture of a solid and liquid can be separated by filtration.

Chromatography Paper Chromatography Used to separate mixtures Different parts move quicker on paper than others

Fractional Distillation Used to separate two or more liquids with different boiling points Liquids in the mixture are miscible (e.g. alcohol/water, crude oil etc.)

Simple Distillation Simple distillation Used to separate a pure liquid from dissolved solid impurities which have a very high boiling point.

Practice

1. Sulfur: S

2. Carbon

3. Vinegar ( 3% acetic acid and 97% water)

4. Fruit Cocktail

5. Dry Ice: CO2

6. AIR ( 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases)

7. GRANITE

8. Sodium Bicarbonate) (NaHCO3)

9. Pure Gold

10. River Water

11. Sugar:C6H12O6

12. Distilled Water:H2O

13. Egg

14.) Gasoline – made of hydrocarbons 5 to 12 carbons long

15.) 18 Karat Yellow Gold – Alloy Gold 75%, Silver 16%, Copper 9%

16. Toothpaste

17. Neon: Ne

18. Concrete

19. Sterling Silver Alloy Silver (92.5%), Copper (7.5%)

Which of the following are: 20. Elements ____ a. C, A, G b. B., G, H c. A, C, D d. G, B, E 21. Compounds a. G only b. B only c. G, C d. H, E 22. Mixtures a. E, C, F b. G, F, H c. B, E, F, H d. B, F, C

23. Which of the pictures represents a mixture of 2 or more elements? a. E, F, H b. B, C, G c. E only d. G, C, B 24. Which represents a mixture of compounds? a. G, F, C b. G, B c. B, G, F d. B only 25. Which of the pictures represents a diatomic molecule? a. C, G b. C only c. C, H, G d. C, F, G