…in Structure and Function

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Presentation transcript:

…in Structure and Function Big Idea 4: Biological Systems Interact …in Structure and Function

Essential Knoweledge Essential knowledge 4.C.1: Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions.

Diversity in structures increases flexibility Allows organisms to survive diff. challenges

Diversity in Macromolecules More types of macromolecules = more possible functions

Making of Diversity? Having different genes

Having Different Genes, MHC Markers Organ Transplant Video Clip!

2) RNA splicing / modifications Making of Diversity? 2) RNA splicing / modifications

Making of Diversity? 3) Post-translational protein modifications: protein gets add’nl biochemical molecules on it (lipids, carbs) or structural changes (disulfide bridges w/ tertiary structure)

Multiple copies of alleles or genes (gene duplication) may provide new phenotypes

Gene Duplication Genes can get copied New copies may change and produce new proteins

May express both alleles which can have benefits Ex: Heterozygotes May express both alleles which can have benefits Ex: In sickle cell- heterozygotes have some normal RBCs and some sickle cells

Example, Antifreeze Gene in Fish Arctic cod: enzyme in cells called Sialic Acid Synthase Through duplication and slight alterations it became a protein in blood that allows fish to swim in water below freezing point

More Protein Diversity than Gene Diversity http://www.piercenet.com/browse.cfm?fldID=7CE3FCF5-0DA0-4378-A513-2E35E5E3B49B