Controlling nuclear fusion

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Presentation transcript:

Controlling nuclear fusion An “easy” fusion reaction

Fusion depends strongly on temperature Thermal Energy E = kBT Temperature T Reaction Rate (keV)  104 K/eV 107 108 109 1010 (K) 10 104 Fusion reactor

Proton tunnels through barrier Controlling fusion The big obstacle: Proton-proton repulsion (“Coulomb barrier”) Create a plasma (electrons and nuclei separated). Heat it to 100 million degrees. Keep the hot plasma from the walls. Find a way to extract the heat produced by fusion. Energy Distance Thermal Energy ProtonEnergy Proton Distance Proton tunnels through barrier

Outline of a fusion power plant Is it feasible ? Lots of challenges, for example blankets of liquid lithium as walls for the 100 million degree plasma.

Interior of Tokamak test reactor

JET (Joint European Torus) test reactor Empty With plasma

International fusion reactor ITER Plasma confinement torus

Goals for developing fusion reactors The Future for Fusion Power When? Power Duration 1984-current 16 MW 1 second 2/3 2010-2030 500 MW 15 minutes 10 2040 ?? 1-2 GW days/steady state 30 Output Input Break even = 1 JET ITER ??

ITER at Cadarache (near Marseille, France)