The end of a 20 year truce! WORLD WAR II – 1939-1945

Warm up on page 114- on my desk

Economic and political causes of WWII Aggression by the totalitarian powers Nationalism Failures of the Treaty of Versailles Weakness of the League of Nations Appeasement Tendencies towards isolationism and pacifism in Europe and the U.S.

Major events of the war German invasion of Poland Fall of France Battle of Britain German invasion of the Soviet Union Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor D-Day (Allied invasion of Europe) Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Major leaders of the war United States *FDR – U.S. President *Harry Truman – U.S. President following death of FDR *Dwight D. Eisenhower – allied commander in Europe *Douglas MacArthur – general *George Marshall - general Britain *Winston Churchill – prime minister Soviet Union *Joseph Stalin – dictator Germany *Adolf Hitler – dictator Japan *Hideki Tojo – general *Hirohito – emperor

Review questions List 3 causes on WWII. Who was the US President for the majority of the war? Who was the US commander in Europe? Who was the US commander in the Pacific ? Who was the Prime Minister of Britain? Who was the leader of The Soviet Union? Who was the leader of Germany? Who was the leader of Italy? Who was the general of Japan? Who was the emperor of Japan?

Let’s review… Italy, Germany, and Japan have formed the Axis Powers Italy has taken Ethiopia (parts of it…) League of Nations did nothing Germany has taken the Sudetenland, Austria, and the Rhineland British and French following policy of appeasement What next?

The invasion of poland September 1, 1939 – Germany invaded Poland Accomplished by the use of the “blitzkrieg” tactic “lightning war” Planes rain bombs down at the same time as slower troops and tanks cross the border—the goal was to take the enemy by surprise Even though France and England declare war against Germany on September 3, 1939 Poland falls within 3 weeks

“One People, One Reich, One Führer!”

SOVIETS MAKE THEIR MOVE The “secret” part of the nonaggressive pact was that the Soviet Union could occupy the eastern half of Poland. WHAT WOULD YOU SAY WERE THE POLITICAL REASONS BEHIND STALIN’S ACTIONS IN EUROPE AT THE BEGINNING OF WWII???

INVASION OF FRANCE May 1940 – Germany began its attack toward France France held its defenses along the Maginot Line a line of defenses built by the French along their border to keep the Germans out WHAT DO YOU THINK HAPPENS NEXT…???

What do you see wrong with this picture???

France falls Germany kept the Allies’ attention along the Maginot Line while sneaking his army throught the Ardennes. Italy declared war on France & Britain by June 10th June 14 – Paris falls to the Germans

Review Questions Which country did Hitler invade to start WWII? What was the name of Hitler’s military tactic? Describe it. Who signed the Non Aggressive Pact? What was the Soviet Union promised? Who won The Battle for France?

Germany attacks great britain After the fall of France, Britain remained the only country left to face Germany Winston Churchill – Prime Minister – declared Britain would never surrender! Operation Sea Lion – Germany’s plan to knock out the Royal Air Force (RAF) Bombing by day and night continues until May, when Hitler, surprised by the resistance, calls off the attacks Britain also had access to a German Code making machine and access to Radar. Battle of Britain continued until May 10, 1940 when Hitler turned his sights to Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean, with the goal of attacking Russia.

Eastern front & the mediterranean 1st objective – North Africa – mainly due to Mussolini To gain access to oil and the Suez Canal, Mussolini sought to control British occupied Egypt in Sept 1940 Hitler gets involved to aid Mussolini as the British begun to push the Italian troops further back Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox” sent in to achieve a victory for Germany – he is successful

Operation barbarossa Hitler’s plan to attack the Soviet Union Soviet Union was not prepared for this attack – why??? As the Russians retreat they use a scorched earth policy – what is this??? September 8th – Hitler attempted to starve the city of Leningrad into surrendering but the people refuse Turned his sights to Moscow – the capital and heart of the Soviet Union

United states aids its allies What was the U.S. position at the beginning of the war??? March 1941 – Lend-Lease Act – the president could lend or lease arms and other supplies to any country vital to the U.S. Secret meetings between FDR and Churchill Undeclared naval war between Germany and the U.S. What does this mean??? US passes the Atlantic Charter and promises to uphold free trade September 4, 1941- Germany fires on a US ship Roosevelt ordered the US to shoot and German subamrine in sight

Review Questions 1. Who was the British Prime Minister? 2. How did technology help the British withstand the German attack? 3. Why did Hitler get involved in Northern Africa? 4.Who broke the Non Aggression Pact? 5. Initially, who was winning in Russia? 6. What tactic did the Russian use to eventually start winning? 7. What was the US policy at the start of the war? 8. Did the US stay isolated? Why or Why not? 9. How were the Germans displaying aggression towards the US?

EVENTS FOR YOUR TIMELINE France falls Hitler decides to expand Hitler invades Poland Hitler marches to Austria Munich Conference – giving Sudetenland over Battle of Britain RAF vs. German Luftwaffe Hitler claims Baltic States, Scandinavia and Belgium