The Rise of Rome Chapter 8

Bellringer for 11/19/12 Name the three legends for the founding of Rome.

Bellringer for 11/16/12 Describe the landscape of Italy 3-5 sentences

Rome’s Beginnings Section 1

The Origins of Rome Location Sicily Apennines Latium Tiber River

Early Dominant Cultures Greece Rome Rugged mountains to the north Very segregated from other areas within Greece Poor farmland Could not support a large population Apennines are not as rugged as those in Greece No major barriers between cities Good farmland Could support a large population

How Did Rome Begin? Romulus and Remus The Aenid by Virgil Latins

Early Influences Greeks in southern Italy Etruscans to the north Etruria Skilled metalworkers Laid out cities Style of dress

The Birth of a Republic Etruscans ruled Rome for more than 100 years Tarquin family 509 BC, Romans overthrew the Tarquins and established a republic Republic form of government in which the leader is not a king or queen but someone put in office by citizens with the right to vote This marked the beginnings of Rome’s history.

Conquest of Italy Over the next 200 years, the Romans fought with their neighbors for territory 338 BC defeated Latins living nearby 284 BC defeated Etruscans 267 BC defeated Greeks in southern Italy

Why Was Rome So Strong? Excellent soldiers Legions Legionaries 6,000 men Further divided into groups of 60 to 120 Legionaries Gladius Pilum standard

Shrewd Rulers Built permanent settlements in areas they conquered Roman Confederation Citizenship Allies

P. 267 #1-7

Bellringer for 11/27/12 What role did the Senate play in the Roman government?

The Roman Republic Section 2

Rome’s Government Patricians Plebeians Both were Roman citizens Wealthy landowners Plebeians Artisans, shopkeepers, and owners of small farms Both were Roman citizens Had the right to vote Plebeians had a lower social rank

How Did Rome’s Government Work? Consul Top official Two were chosen every year Headed the army and ran the government Veto I forbid Praetors Interpreted the law and act as judges in court cases Senate Most important legislative body 300 Patrician men who serve for life Assembly of Centuries Elected important officials

Plebeians Against Patricians 494 BC many Plebeians went on strike 471 BC Plebeians allowed to set up their own Council of the Plebs 455 BC plebeians and patricians allowed to marry 300s BC Plebeians were allowed to become consuls 287 BC Council of the Plebs gained the power to pass laws for all Romans

Who Was Cincinnatus? Dictator ruled on a temporary basis during times of danger Cincinnatus 460 BC

Roman Law Twelve Tables

Rome Expands Carthage First Punic War Second Punic War Third Punic War Sicily Second Punic War Hannibal 216 BC Battle of Cannae 202 BC Scipio Battle of Zama Third Punic War 146 BC, Rome destroyed Carthage

Other Conquests 148 BC Macedonia 146 BC Greece 129 BC first province in Asia Mare Nostrum

Bellringer for 11/28/12 If you could live in either Greece or Rome which would it be? Explain in 3-5 sentences

The Fall of the Republic Section 3

Trouble in the Republic Latifundia large farming estates “bread and circuses” Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus Marius Sulla

Julius Caesar Triumvirate Military Campaigns Rubicon River First Triumvirate Crassus, Pompey, Caesar Military Campaigns Pompey Spain Crassus Syria Caesar Gaul Rubicon River 44 BC, declares himself dictator

Rome Becomes an Empire Octavian Antony Second Triumvirate Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus Battle of Actium Augustus Cicero

Bellringer for 11/30/12 What makes a leader good? Explain in 3-5 sentences

The Early Empire Section 4

The Emperor Augustus Pax Romana The Roman Peace Built permanent army of 150,000 men Praetorian Guard 9,000 men

After Augustus Caligula Claudius Nero

Unity and Prosperity Vespasian Restored peace and order after Nero Put down several rebellions Began construction of th eColosseum Destroyed Jewish temple in AD 70

The “Good Emperors” Nerva Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius

A Unified Empire Aqueduct human-made channel for carrying water long distances Hadrian set Rome’s border to the north at the Rhine River and the Danube River Built Hadrian’s Wall Puteoli Ostia currency