Freedom of movement and Brexit Lesson 2 Freedom of movement and Brexit LO: To critically evaluate the impact on British society if freedom of movement is restricted after Britain leaves the EU. © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

Contents Background Referendum of 2016 Freedom of movement and Brexit Contents Background Referendum of 2016 Consequences of withdrawal for the EU Impact on the United Kingdom Public opinion and comment Cultural responses to the referendum vote © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

How many EU nationals live in the UK? Freedom of movement and Brexit How many EU nationals live in the UK? 1.5 million 2.9 million 3.7 million 4.2 million b) 2.9 million Thinking point: Is this higher or lower than you thought? © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

Which European country has the most citizens living in the UK? Freedom of movement and Brexit Which European country has the most citizens living in the UK? Romania France Ireland Poland Thinking point: Does this surprise you? Which country had you initially thought of? d) Poland https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/ukpopulationbycountryofbirthandnationality/2016#what-is-the-nationality-of-non-uk-born-residents © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

Which European country has the most British citizens living there? Freedom of movement and Brexit Which European country has the most British citizens living there? Italy France Spain Poland Thinking point: Does this surprise you? Which country had you initially thought of? c) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36560519 © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

A brief History of the EU Freedom of movement and Brexit A brief History of the EU 23rd June 2016 UK voted to leave the EU in a referendum 29th March 2017 UK triggers Article 50 and starts official negotiations for withdrawal from the EU. The Treaty of Paris is signed between Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom join the EEC. 1957 1951 1973 2016/17 Over the next 40 years…. A further 19 countries join the EEC/EU and together work on areas such as the environment, transport, security and employment. These 6 countries agreed to make trade easier by cutting custom duties and tariffs eventually setting up a “common market”. They became known as the ‘European Economic Community’ (EEC) which later became the European Union (EU). The EU formed after the end of WW2 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. The aim of the EU was to prevent such a conflict from happening again, by encouraging countries to work together towards greater economic and political stability. Common market – Obstacles to free trade are removed between members of the EU e.g. there is no imposition of extra taxes for trying to sell products to different countries. © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

As part of the EU, the UK accepts the ‘4’ freedoms Freedom of movement and Brexit As part of the EU, the UK accepts the ‘4’ freedoms Freedom of movement for persons Freedom of movement for goods Freedom of movement for services Freedom of movement for capital The 4 freedoms are part of what is known as the ‘Single Market’. Can you think of why the ‘Single Market’ is called this? Teachers notes: The aim of the single market and the 4 freedoms is to make it as easy to trade between London and Lisbon as it is between London and Liverpool. So having the single market removes barriers to trade and they harmonise, or unify, national rules at EU level. However the four freedoms are not all equal. Services are far less ‘free’ than goods, for example. © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

Freedom of movement of people Freedom of movement and Brexit Freedom of movement of people The right to live in any EU member state. Your family members and pets also have the right to join you in other member EU countries. This is not just for workers: You have the right to live anywhere in the EU if you are studying, volunteering or retired. As an UK national, you still need to show your national ID card or passport when you are travelling from one EU country to another. 26 countries decided that you would not need to show a passport or your ID to enter them, this is called the Schengen agreement. The countries that require you to show your passport or ID to enter them are: Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Ireland, Romania, United Kingdom. © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

Freedom of movement and Brexit © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

Consequences of withdrawal from the EU Freedom of movement and Brexit Consequences of withdrawal from the EU © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

Freedom of movement and Brexit Economic In the UK, fruit and vegetables on farms are mostly picked by EU workers during the summer. Since Brexit, there has been a drop in the number of workers. Q: What will the impact of this be both now and in the future? © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

Political- The Irish border issue Freedom of movement and Brexit Political- The Irish border issue Northern Ireland and Ireland are part of the EU. Northern Ireland is also part of the UK and when the UK leaves the EU, so will Northern Ireland. Currently there is free movement of people between Ireland and Northern Ireland with people working and living in the different countries, thanks to the Common Travel Area agreed between the UK and Ireland before either joined the EU.  There are worries about maintaining peace and stability in Northern Ireland if a clear decision is not made about this border post Brexit. Q: As a result of Brexit new immigration restrictions may affect freedom of movement of people. For example, residents from the Republic of Ireland could be required to apply for a visa in order to live or work in Northern Ireland. Do you think this is fair? © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

Cultural Freedom of movement and Brexit Brexit will result in the end of freedom of movement for EU citizens. Over time we may have fewer EU citizens coming to live in the UK. In the last 12 months annual net migration of EU nationals to the UK has fallen by 75,000 – although the total net migration is still higher than at any time in the last 5 years. Q: How will this impact British society? Q: Does it benefit us to have other cultures present in the UK? Q: What problems may be caused by having large numbers of EU citizens living in the UK? © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

What are different thoughts about migration and Brexit? Freedom of movement and Brexit What are different thoughts about migration and Brexit? Economy © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360

Where do you stand? I agree with the government’s suggested proposal Freedom of movement and Brexit I agree with the government’s suggested proposal I am unsure about the government’s suggested proposal I disagree with the government’s suggested proposal Where do you stand? https://www.gov.uk/guidance/status-of-eu-nationals-in-the-uk-what-you-need-to-know © Citizenship Foundation 2018 • Charity Reg. No. 801360