ACID – is a H+ (hydroden ion or proton) donor. What is an Acid? There are many different definitions of an acid. We will be working with the simplest definition. ACID – is a H+ (hydroden ion or proton) donor. This means that our acids will begin with the element “H”

Molecule with one or more H+ ions attached to an anion. Acids Acids can be recognized by the hydrogen that appears first in the formula—HCl. Molecule with one or more H+ ions attached to an anion.

Naming Acids All acids are named by FIRST identifying the ANION present Ignore the NUMBER of “H” atoms in the formula – concentrate on identifying the anion.

There are only three rules to remember Anion Name Acid Name Naming Acids There are only three rules to remember Anion Name Acid Name - ide Hydro- -ic Acid -ate -ic Acid -ite -ous Acid

HCl Cl- Chloride Hydrochloric Acid Try a Few Acid Anion Acid Name HCl Cl- Chloride Hydrochloric Acid H3PO4 PO43- Phosphate Phosphoric Acid H2SO3 SO32- Sulfite Sulfurous Acid

Acids - review If the anion does not contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro– and the suffix –ic. Examples: HCl Hydrochloric acid HCN Hydrocyanic acid H2S Hydrosulfuric acid

Acids That Do Not Contain Oxygen

• If a form other than the “–ate” form is needed AN ASIDE: Naming Oxyanions other than that with -ate • If a form other than the “–ate” form is needed When the central atom can have two different numbers of oxygen atoms bonded to it: The suffix “–ite” is used in the name of the oxyanion with 1 less oxygen atom than the -ate. The prefix “per–” along with the suffix “–ate” is used in the name of the oxyanion with the one more oxygen atom than the “-ate” The prefix “hypo–” along with the suffix “–ite” is used in the name of the oxyanion with the 2 less oxygen atoms than the “-ate”

Oxyanion Examples

Rules for Naming Acids – if the anion contains oxygen The suffix –ic is added to the root name if the anion name ends in –ate. Examples: HNO3 Nitric acid H2SO4 Sulfuric acid HC2H3O2 Acetic acid The suffix –ous is added to the root name if the anion name ends in –ite. HNO2 Nitrous acid H2SO3 Sulfurous acid HClO2 Chlorous acid

The rules don’t change just because the anion has a prefix Naming Acids The rules don’t change just because the anion has a prefix Anion Name Acid Name perchlorate perchloric acid hyponitrite hyponitrous acid

Naming Acids- Examples Acid Anion Acid Name HClO ClO- HypoChlorite Hypochlorous Acid H3PO5 PO53- PerPhosphate Perphosphoric Acid The –ate and –ite ending of the anion still dictate how the acid will be named

Flowchart for Naming Acids

Write the anion (including its charge) Writing Acids This process is just the opposite of naming. Identify the anion Write the anion (including its charge) The charge on the anion tell you how many “H+” atoms to add Remove all charges

Name Anion Acid Formula Writing Acids Name Anion Acid Formula Hydrobromic acid Br- HBr Sulfuric acid SO42- H2SO4 Periodic acid IO4- HIO4 Phosphorous acid PO33- H3PO3

Flowchart for Naming Acids