Warm Up In your groups, brainstorm EFFECTS of urbanization and the growth of cities

Urbanization POST 1877

THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION DURING THE 19TH CENTURY Rapidly increasing workforce Dependence on raw materials; timber, iron, coal Constant stream of immigration Transportation + communication + machinery = productivity

Rural and Urban U.S. Population: 1860, 1900, 1920 Population Growth U.S. population more than doubled between 1860 and 1900 Rural and Urban U.S. Population: 1860, 1900, 1920 1860 1900 1920 Total U.S. Pop. 31,443,321 76,212,168 106,021,537 % Living in Rural Areas 80.2 60.4 48.8 % Living in Urban Areas 19.8 39.6 51.2

THE GROWTH OF CITIES People were moving from rural areas to cities, especially immigrants and African Americans in search of employment and trying to escape the Jim Crow Laws By 1920 over 50% lived in urban areas First time in U.S. history that more people lived in cities than rural areas Result: Overcrowded cities and bad living conditions

Changing Cities: Mass Transportation Problem: Cities become larger and citizens have difficulty traveling to different areas Solution: Streetcar provides public transportation

Changing Cities: Skyscrapers Problem: Population growth requires that buildings become taller. Solution: Skyscrapers using steel, elevators, and central heating system

Changing Cities: Sanitation Problem: Cities have expanded so quickly that the government has been unable or unwilling to adjust Solution: Eventually, the city will improve water, sewage, and waste disposal

Changing Cities: Crime Problem: Population growth increased the number of people living in close quarters Overcrowded nature of cities leads to more crime. Solution: Cities begin having a more organized police force and begin using tactics like mug shots to keep track of criminals.

Changing Cities: Education Problem: As cities grow, people begin caring more about how children should be developing and have problems with child labor. Solution: Laws are passed that require education (government provides for public education), and Ms. Burke has a job.

Educational Goals Social Mobility: public schools should prepare students to compete for positions Social Efficiency: public schools should prepare workers. Democratic Equality: public schools should prepare citizens/voters.

Drastic Changes Industrialization led to overcrowding of cities, unsanitary conditions, disease and slums BUT… Also led to U.S. as the world’s leading manufacturer in power and created new industries dedicated to leisure time activities

Changing: Leisure Time As more people live in cities and are not working as many hours as they were on the farm, they are looking for entertainment Circus Baseball Games

Music: Jazz, vaudeville, ragtime Press: newspapers, magazines, sensationalism (aka tabloids) Sports: Baseball, basketball, football, boxing Art and Literature: Realism