How elements become charged

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Presentation transcript:

How elements become charged 5.5 Atoms & Ions How elements become charged

How elements become charged ION – A charged atom All elements on the periodic table are NEUTRAL because they have the same number of protons (+) and electrons (-) An ION does NOT have the same number of protons (+) and electrons (-)

How elements become charged METALS: have less than four valence e- Easier to LOSE electrons LOSING e- makes ion POSTIVE +1 1e- 11 p 12 n 1 11 p 12 n Na 8e- 8 Na 2e- 2

How elements become charged NON - METALS: have more than four valence e- Easier to GAIN electrons GAINING e- makes ion NEGATIVE -2 2 e- 8 p 8 n 8 p 8 n O 6 O 8 2 2

Naming Ions Cations – ions with a positive charge Name is same as the element Ex. Na+ is called sodium ion Anions – ions with a negative charge To name add “ide” to stem of name Ex. O2- is called oxide ion Ex. S2- is called sulfide ion

Charge Patterns in the Periodic Table These atoms have predictable charges

Charge Patterns in the Periodic Table Transition metals (middle of Periodic Table) have variable charges. The behave different depending on the compound they are paired in.

Homework Textbook page 191 #1-5