From Health and Medical Geography, 4th edition, by Emch, Root, & Carrel. Copyright 2017 by The Guilford Press.

Figure 1.1. The matrix of geography. From Health and Medical Geography, 4th edition, by Emch, Root, & Carrel. Copyright 2017 by The Guilford Press.

Figure 1.2. Definitions and disciplinary descriptions of ecology. From Health and Medical Geography, 4th edition, by Emch, Root, & Carrel. Copyright 2017 by The Guilford Press.

From Health and Medical Geography, 4th edition, by Emch, Root, & Carrel. Copyright 2017 by The Guilford Press.

From Health and Medical Geography, 4th edition, by Emch, Root, & Carrel. Copyright 2017 by The Guilford Press.

Figure 1. 3. Health level and insult stress Figure 1.3. Health level and insult stress. The discontinuous solid line indicates health level over a lifetime, with peak of health at about age 20. The part before the wavy vertical line indicates levels of health for two individuals within their first year. From Health and Medical Geography, 4th edition, by Emch, Root, & Carrel. Copyright 2017 by The Guilford Press.

Figure 1.4. The health continuum, illustrating terminology and stages of ill health between full health and death. From Health and Medical Geography, 4th edition, by Emch, Root, & Carrel. Copyright 2017 by The Guilford Press.