Include: ABO and Rh factor Blood Part 2 Clotting and Blood Types B11-3-02: Compare the characteristics of blood components in terms of appearance, origin, numbers, relative size, and function in the body. (GLO: D1) Include: plasma, erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets) B11-3-03: Compare and contrast the characteristics of different blood groups. (GLO: D1) Include: ABO and Rh factor

Essential questions How does a wound heal? Why are there different blood types?

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Review! What are some of the substances that are transported through the body by blood?

Review! What are some of the substances that are transported through the body by blood? Dissolved nutrients Gasses Hormones Wastes

Review! What are the two different components of blood?

Review! What are the two different components of blood? Fluid component Cellular component

Review! What are the two different components of blood? Fluid component plasma Cellular component Erythrocytes= Red blood cells Leukocytes= White blood cells Thrombocytes= Platelets

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Thrombocytes= Platelets Originate from pinched off pieces of cytoplasm from bone marrow Lack a nucleus Very short lifespan 10 to 12 days

Thrombocytes= Platelets Function of platelets Involved in blood clotting Repair damaged blood vessels or tissue

Blood Clotting Blood clotting prevents humans and animals from bleeding to death after trauma or just wear and tear Begins when blood comes in contact with injured tissue Break in blood vessel for example

Blood Clotting

Blood Clotting When blood comes in contact with the damaged blood vessel thrombocytes begin to stick to it This begins to partially block the opening

Blood Clotting v

Blood Clotting Damaged cells and tissue releases substances that stimulates production of the enzyme thrombin Thrombin begins the reaction that converts the fibrinogen dissolved in the blood plasma, into fibrin Fibrin Insoluble strands of protein Creates a web that traps more platelets Platelets contact and pull the fibrin proteins closer together which creates a scab and closes the wound

Blood Clotting Substances released from ruptured cells and platelets Damage Thrombin is produced Fibrinogen in Plasma Fibrin

Blood Clotting

Hemophilia Disease where someone lacks the factors that cause platelets to stick to an open wound Causes a weak clot to form Bleeding lasts longer Hereditary Passed down from parents to children Occurs more often in males

Blood Groups Video

Blood Type Blood types are determined by your genes before you are born Gene from mother Gene from father Genes determine your blood type by causing agglutinogens to exist on the surface of your erythrocytes

Blood Types Antigens Special protein “markers” that exist on red blood cells Are also found on foreign particles that enter the body Stimulate the immune response

“4” Blood Types Type A Type B Type AB Type O A antigens present B antigens Present Type AB Both A and B antigens present Type O No antigens present

Antigens

Antibodies Proteins produced by the immune system Produced in response to an antigen

Antibodies You produce antibodies in your blood plasma Antibodies are produced for any factor you do not have an antigen for A blood type has B antibodies B blood type has A antibodies AB blood type has no antibodies Type O has both A and B antibodies

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Rh Factor Scientists sometimes study Rhesus monkeys to learn more about the human anatomy. While studying Rhesus monkeys, a certain blood protein was discovered. This protein is also present in the blood of some people. Other people, however, do not have the protein.

Rh Factor A+ A- B+ B- AB+ AB- O+ O- The presence of the protein, or lack of it, is referred to as the Rh (for Rhesus) factor. If your blood does contain the protein, your blood is said to be Rh positive (Rh+). If your blood does not contain the protein, your blood is said to be Rh negative (Rh-). A+ A- B+ B- AB+ AB- O+ O-