#AtlantOS Optimizing and Enhancing the Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing System Prof. Dr. Martin Visbeck Dr. Johannes Karstensen Dr. Anja Reitz GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany

Optimizing and Enhancing the Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing System Budget: 21 Mio. Euros in 4 years Coordinator: GEOMAR; Partner: 62 Horizon 2020 call BG-8-2014: Developing in-situ Atlantic Ocean Observations for a better management and sustainable exploitation of the maritime resources. The project: AtlantOS is a research and innovation project that proposes the integration of ocean observing activates across all disciplines for the Atlantic, considering European as well as non-European partners. Goal: Integration of the so far loosely-coordinated set of existing ocean observing activities to a more sustainable, more efficient, and fit-for-purpose Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing System. www.atlantos-h2020.eu

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Marine Service Provider Universities Marine Service Provider

Multiinstitutional Organisations International Partners

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AtlantOS Supporters

Why do we need more ocean observations? Who are our partners in Atlantic Observing? What frameworks can we build on? www.atlantos-h2020.eu

Ocean and Climate

Life in the Ocean

Deep Sea

Marine Services

Sustainable Development Proposed goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development Targets are discussed and agreed to by the nations. How to measure progress against targets? The need to derive indicators building on a smart index framework, based on reliable open access ocean information.

Why do we need more ocean observations? Who are our partners in Atlantic Observing? What frameworks can we build on? www.atlantos-h2020.eu

Galway Statement on Atlantic Ocean Cooperation The European Union, the United States and Canada agreed to join forces on Atlantic Ocean research. The agreement focuses on aligning the ocean observation efforts of the three partners. The goals are to better understand the Atlantic Ocean and to promote the sustainable management of its resources. The work will also study the interplay of the Atlantic Ocean with the Arctic Ocean, particularly with regards to climate change.

Contribution to GEO WP5: Integrated regional observing systems: This component has the potential to facilitate improved observational logistics (e.g. ship and platform sharing) to make sampling more complete and efficient. Furthermore, there is significant innovation potential by exploiting collocated physical, chemical and ecological data to support an improved assessment of fish stocks and their reaction to climate change. The merging of different types of data across platforms and combining them with process models has the potential to create new information as well as products with improved quality/accuracy, when compared to the current system. New process models promise significant innovation potential when they can be integrated at a later stage into more complete ocean modelling systems

Contribution to GEO WP5: Integrated regional observing systems: This component has the potential to facilitate improved observational logistics (e.g. ship and platform sharing) to make sampling more complete and efficient. Furthermore, there is significant innovation potential by exploiting collocated physical, chemical and ecological data to support an improved assessment of fish stocks and their reaction to climate change. The merging of different types of data across platforms and combining them with process models has the potential to create new information as well as products with improved quality/accuracy, when compared to the current system. New process models promise significant innovation potential when they can be integrated at a later stage into more complete ocean modelling systems

Why do we need more ocean observations? Who are our partners in Atlantic Observing? What frameworks can we build on? www.atlantos-h2020.eu

Future of Sustained Observations OceanObs’09 identified tremendous opportunities, significant challenges Called for a framework for planning and moving forward with an enhanced global sustained ocean observing system over the next decade, integrating new physical, biogeochemical, biological observations while sustaining present observations What is this Framework for Ocean Observing? Its genesis comes from the OceanObs’09 conference, which took place 21-25 September 2009 in Venice, Italy. It brought together more than 600 participants from 36 countries, focused on defining a collective vision for the coming decade of ocean observations for societal benefit. The papers from this conference, which form an excellent resource reviewing progress and identifying opportunities and community plans, are all available at its website www.oceanobs09.net The conference identified tremendous opportunities to expand ocean observing capabilities, and noted significant challenges. There are many players in a potential integrated sustained ocean observing system. The conference, amongst other things, called for the development of a Framework for planning and moving forward with an enhanced global sustained ocean observing system over the next decade, integrating new physical, biogeochemical, and biological observations while sustaining present observations. It is this Framework that I’ll describe in the next portion of the talk.

Input (Requirements) Output (Data & Products) Process (Observations) Framework for Ocean Observing A simple system Input (Requirements) Output (Data & Products) Process (Observations) http://www.oceanobs09.net/foo/

We cannot measure everything, nor do we need to Driven by requirements, negotiated with feasibility in mind Essential Ocean Variables We cannot measure everything, nor do we need to basis for including new elements of the system, for expressing requirements at a high level Driven by requirements, negotiated with feasibility Allows for innovation in the observing system over time A key idea in the Framework is the definition of Essential Ocean Variables, which some overlap with other types of essential variables that have been defined, such as Essential Climate Variables defined by GOOS and GCOS, Essential Variables defined by WMO for weather forecasting, and Essential Biodiversity Variables that are being defined by GEOBON (although largely focused on terrestrial variables). The idea is that for the key societal and scientific drivers of sustained ocean observations, we cannot measure everything, nor do we need to. Essential Ocean Variables should respond to these high-level drivers, related to climate, to understanding and managing ecosystem services, to conserving biodiversity, to managing living marine resources, to safety and protection of life and property at sea and on the coasts. Aligning the coordination processes of the observing system on variables, rather than by platforms or observing techniques, stays truer to the natural system which we are trying to observe, while allowing for innovation of observing techniques over time as technology and capability develop. The definition of an EOV must be driven by these requirements, but be rooted in reality, its measurement must be feasible. We may not be ready to measure all EOVs, but this assessing and encouraging the development of readiness is also a part of the Framework. http://www.oceanobs09.net/foo/

Mature Pilot Concept Increasing Readiness Levels Towards sustained system: requirements, observations, data management Readiness Mature Attributes: Products of the global ocean observing system are well understood, documented, consistently available, and of societal benefit. More Operations Pilot Attributes: Planning, negotiating, testing, and approval within appropriate local, regional, global arenas. Increasing Readiness Levels Concept The readiness levels are in fact an idea that has been with us on the physical side for a couple of decades, the precursor of OOPC (OODSP) spent a lot of time examining the feasibility and impact of different observing systems, to see if they were ready for global sustained observations. We believe that many biogeochemical and biological variables also need global sustained observations, but perhaps the technologies and techniques are not yet ready for instant application globally. We need to increase the readiness of these observing networks so they drive towards being capable of global sustained observations delivering an important data product that has impact on science or society. If there is an ambition to run a regional pilot to build a future global system – this type of pull helps engage the research community, and they want to be engaged. For Argo, new sensors should be and are being trialed in pilot projects, to improve their readiness for deployment on more of the array. Attributes: Peer review of ideas and studies at science, engineering, and data management community level. More Research

Structure of the Framework Issues (Scientific and societal drivers) Requirement What to Measure Essential Ocean Variables … Satellite Constellation Argo SOOP … This model of the framework is derived from where we are now. We have a large part of our observing system (in purple, made up of different observing units/networks) that is built and driven by our climate observing requirements (in orange). These requirements are currently expressed in GCOS plans as requirements on different Essential Climate Variables which we’ve generalized in the framework as Essential Ocean Variables. The GCOS implementation plan is written as a report to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change which has adopted it, and through this process we have buy-in from Parties (nations) from across the world for this observing system. The requirements are looked after by the OOPC which is also a part of the GOOS structure. Different observing units or networks measure different Essential Ocean Variables and contribute to different data streams and products (in green). Argo is an important one here. These products then help inform climate research and societal decisions about climate – and these drivers are what help originally set and refine requirements (arrows) in an important feedback loop to keep the observing system ‘fit for purpose’. The current model helped feed our vision for moving forward from 2010. There are two arrows in the feedback loop: the outer loop at the highest level with feedback from decision-makers about how information from the ocean has impacted their decision, which can then modify the questions asked of the observing system; and an inner loop that allows ocean observers to look at the fitness for purpose of data products and make assessments there Data Assembly VOS Issues Impact Data/Info. Products … Satellite OceanSITES IMOS … IOOS … … … … … Observations Deployment and Maintenance

Global to Regional to Coastal Time Centuries Decadal Inter- annual Seasonal Daily hourly Repeat Trans-Basin Sections Subsea observatories Region Ship Time Series Remote Sensing Floats Ferrybox FisherMan Vessel VOS Surface Data Moored Time series In network The ocean is complex and we must really a variety of platforms to observe it. Depending of the phenomena one wants to sample , it often requires combination of platforms and there is no real frontiers between global/regional and coastal in the ocean , often only different communities using the observations! Gliders HF Radars Space 1Km2 Regional/106 Km2 Ocean bassin Globe

European Space Agency 25

The Current Global Ocean Observing System Integrated system designed to meet many requirements: Climate Weather prediction Global and coastal ocean prediction Marine hazards warning Transportation Marine environment and ecosystem monitoring Naval applications 8 of 9 Societal Benefits 60% complete ADD the mission and objectives for the global component Dedicated Ship Support Data & Assimilation Subsystems Management and Product Delivery Satellites -- SST, Surface Topography, Wind, Color, Sea Ice Tide gauge stations Drifting Buoys Tropical Moored Buoys Profiling Floats Ships of Opportunity Ocean Reference Stations Ocean Carbon Networks

Operational oceanography and ocean and climate change research rely on an integrated sustained multidisciplinary observing system Satellite JERICO EUROFLEETS JERICO FIX03 SeaDataNet Euro-Argo E-Surfmar MyOcean EMODNet In Europe we are organizing the observation ber network of platforms , some being sustained ( Satelite, Drifters , Argo soon Seabed observatories ) because managed by infrastructure committed at high level , some are developping through projects maily I3 ( Fixed platforms, Gliders, Coastal observing system , research vessels ) inclunding data management aspects with Dseadataet for scientfic data, Copernicus/Myocean for Operational Oceanography and EMODNEt … GROOM/EGO JERICO EMSO

Project Structure WP5: Integrated regional observing systems: This component has the potential to facilitate improved observational logistics (e.g. ship and platform sharing) to make sampling more complete and efficient. Furthermore, there is significant innovation potential by exploiting collocated physical, chemical and ecological data to support an improved assessment of fish stocks and their reaction to climate change. The merging of different types of data across platforms and combining them with process models has the potential to create new information as well as products with improved quality/accuracy, when compared to the current system. New process models promise significant innovation potential when they can be integrated at a later stage into more complete ocean modelling systems

AtlantOS Work Packages WP1: Observing system requirements and design studies WP2: Enhancement of ship-based observing networks WP3: Enhancement of autonomous observing networks WP4: Interfaces with coastal ocean observing systems WP5: Integrated regional observing systems WP6: Cross-cutting issues and emerging networks WP7: Data flow and data integration WP8: Societal benefits from observing/information systems WP9: System evaluation and sustainability WP10: Engagement, Dissemination and Communication WP11: Management 13 EU countries (DE, UK, IE, DK, FR, PL, NO, ES, PT, NL, BE, IT, HR)  participating in AtlantOS and 5 (CA, US, BR, SA, FO) non-EU countries

Highest level objective for all WPs to carry out the research and innovation needed to deliver the framework and tools for a fit-for-purpose, efficient, integrated and sustainable Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing System – leaving a legacy for GEO/GEOSS and GOOS Achieve a significant change in planning, observations, data systems, and leave a legacy for the countries around the basin Steering a voluntary collaboration of investment two orders of magnitude greater than that in the project itself 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP1 Observing System requirements and design studies Objectives: Requirements – identification of major societal challenges requiring sustained observations, and scientifically rigorous requirements for Essential Ocean Variables Evaluation - gap analysis, assessing capacity and feasibility (technical readiness, cost and sustainability by funding agencies) Design studies – using models in OSSEs to guide scientific design -> feeding into compromise systems design Strong links to WP 9 (for evaluation), 10 (for stakeholder engagement / sustainability) 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP1 Observing System requirements and design studies Essential Ocean Variables We can not measure everything nor do we need to Including new variables is driven by requirements, negotiated with feasability Allows for information in the observing system over time 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP2 Enhancement of ship-based observing networks Objectives: Enhance, coordinate and support vessel-based observations – including programs like Go-Ship and others Enhance delivery of biochemical and ecological variables using new technology Improve the fish survey data availability Integrate the national European deep seafloor mapping results and enhance the accessibility of sea floor data 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP3 Autonomous observing networks Objectives: Network enhancement: quantitative and qualitative improvement of measurements Data flux: format requirements and accessibility Network sustainability beyond AtlantOS 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP3 Autonomous observing networks Argo (ERIC Euro-Argo) OceanSites - Network of fixed point biogeochemical observatories - Pirata mooring Array - Transport Mooring Array Glider network Surface Drifters European Animal Telemetry Network 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP4 Interfaces with costal ocean observing systems Objectives: Conduct gap analysis for the connection between costal and deep ocean networks Optimize shelf sampling over seasonal timescales Strengthen access to sea level data networks Share best practice 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP5 Integrated regional observing systems Objectives: Optimize the regional observing systems Application of regional ocean observing: climate and ecosystem Regional Observing system simulation experiments and process modelling Showcase the power of integrated trans-Atlantic observing to provide information necessary to cope with global challenges such as climate change, increased pressures on natural resources, and global-scale hazards OSNAP SAMOC 11°S monitoring 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP6 Cross cutting issues and emerging networks Objectives: Coordination and integration of existing instrumentation and sensor development Common metrology and best practice Coordinating testing, deployment, maintenance and operation of the Integr. Atlantic Ocean Observing System infrastructure Maximizing international collaboration and dissemination of observing system best practices Development of new and emerging observational activities 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP7 Data flow and data integration Objectives: Data harmonization with data providers Integration and dissemination with users 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP7 Data flow and data integration Towards and integrated data system Improvement of existing synthesis Impact on Copernicus Marine Service 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP8 Societal benefits from observing/information systems Objectives: Demonstrate societal benefit of existing observing systems Produce decision support tools Pilot Actions: Coordination Offshore Aquaculture Tuna Modelling Ship Routing Oil Spills POGO-AtlantOS collaboration Coastal Flooding HABs Dinophysis MSFD 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

Downstream Providers & Users WP8 European ‘Standard’ Framework to generate products out of observations Copernicus Satellite Systems EuroGOOS IBIROOS Argo MONGOOS NOOS BOOS Artic GOOS Black Sea GOOS OceanSITES MS in-situ networks SeaDataNet EMODnet WISE marine GO-SHIP ICES fishery services Information: Value Adding Knowledge Chain Input Generic Downstream Services User Customised Products & Services CMEMS MCS 1 = Global 2 = Artic 3 = Baltic 4 = NWS 5 = IBI 6 = Med Sea 7 = Black Sea Data Providers Intermediate Data Providers & Users Downstream Providers & Users Societal benefit WP8 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

Downstream Providers & Users European “Standard” Framework to generate products out of observations Information: Value Adding Knowledge Chain Societal benefit Data Providers Intermediate Data Providers & Users Downstream Providers & Users Input Generic User Customised Products & Services Copernicus Satellite Systems EuroGOOS IBIROOS Argo MONGOOS NOOS BOOS Artic GOOS Black Sea GOOS Ocean Sites MS in-situ networks SeaDataNet EMODnet WISE marine GO-SHIP ICES fishery services Downstream Services Services CMEMS MCS SeaDataNet EMODnet WP8 Value adding chain in Europe: from observations to products of societal benefit EuroGOOS = European Global Ocean Observing System, IBIROOS = Iberian-Biscay-Irish Regional Operational Oceanographic System, MONGOOS = Mediterranean Operational Network for the Global Ocean Observing System; NOOS = North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System; BOOS = Baltic Operational Oceanographic System; GOOS = Global Ocean Observing System; MS = Member States; SeaDatanet = pan-European infrastructure for Ocean and Marine data management (DG Research & Innovation), EMODnet = European Marine Observation and Data network (DG Mare), WISE marine = Water information System for Europe (DG Environment,  European Environment Agency, Joint Research Centre and Eurostat), CMEMS = Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service (DG Growth), MCS = Marine Core Service. 1 = Global 2 = Artic 3 = Baltic 4 = NWS 5 = IBI 6 = Med Sea 7 = Black Sea

WP8 Societal benefits EU leadership in the implementation of GEOSS in the Atlantic GEO/GEOSS Five societal benefits areas: climate, disasters, ecosystems, health & water 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP9 System evaluation and sustainability Objectives: Provide quantitative and near real time information of the state of the in-situ Atlantic Observing System Analyze and properly document for each EOV the adequacy of the current observing and information system Develop a long-term sustainability plan for Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing Systems 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

WP9 Engagement, Communication and Dissemination Main Objectives: Develop a results-oriented dialogue with key stakeholders communities to enable a meaningful exchange between the products and services that Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observation Systems can deliver and the demands and needs of the stakeholder communities Services: AtlantOS Engagement and Communication Strategy Data dissemination and exploitation Science – Policy engagement Communicating project results 14/11/2018 Title of Presentation

AtlantOS structure 62 Partners, 20.7 M€ Optimizing and Enhancing the Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing System 2M€ 12,5M€ 3,5M€ 1.2M€ 0,8M€ Moving from introduction to the core ideas behind the framework team’s work: We wanted to take a complex system: the ocean observing system built up of research and some operational effort, in situ and satellite observing networks measuring different variables, new technological developments, data streams, and products — and apply systems thinking. This starts with a simple model of the system, which has an input in the form of requirements, a process in the form of observing networks, and an output in data and products that then feeds a scientific or societal benefit, the source of the requirements.

Blueprint to be ready for OceanObs19 #AtlantOS Outcome: Blueprint to be ready for OceanObs19 www.atlantos-h2020.eu

This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 633211.