Conjunctival Impression Cytology in healthy volunteers

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Conjunctival Impression Cytology in healthy volunteers Diane Marinho, Andressa P. Stolz, Sergio Kwitko, Felipe K. Mallmann, Samuel Rymer Ophthalmology Department - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - Porto Alegre - Brazil The authors have no financial interest in the subject matter of this poster

Purpose To determine conjunctival cytology findings in volunteers with no history of ocular disease and to correlate results with dry eye tests and frequency of symptoms.

Methods Impression cytology (IC) of superior, inferior, nasal and temporal conjunctivae (Aragona’s scoring system) Ocular surface evaluation clinical tests: Schirmer test (ST), tear film break-up time (TFBUT), Fluorescein staining (FS), Rose Bengal staining (RBS) and slit lamp examination History and symptoms questionnaire

Results 78 eyes of 39 patients (77% female, 85% white) were examined. Mean age was 362 years (16-71) Impression cytology : - grade A (normal): 71% superior 57% nasal 87% inferior 75% temporal Snake-like chromatin in 15% of superior samples. Clinical Tests: Mean BUT was 13.6 seconds (70% ≥10 sec) ST median was 19.2 mm (76% >6 mm), RBS grade 0-3 in 87% FS grade 0 in 75% Slit lamp eyelid exam normal in 65%

Table 01. Scoring system for conjunctival impression cytology Parameters Normal Borderline Abnormal Cellularity 1 2 Cell-to-cell contact Nucleus/cytoplasm ratio 0 (1:2-3) 1 (1:4-5) 2 (1:≥ 6) Nuclear chromatin 1 (≤ 1%)* 2 (> 1%)* Goblet cell distribution Keratinisation 2-3 Inflammatory cells - Total Score 0-3 (class A) 4-6 (class B) > 6 (class C) *if snake-like chromatin

Figure 01. Illustrative impression cytology specimens B C D A. Normal Cytology, B. Borderline Cytology, arrow indicating goblet cell, C. Abnormal Cytology (superior conjunctiva, PAS/HE/Papanicolaou OM 200x), D. 1-10% Snake-like chromatin containing sample, sign indicating a track of anomalous nuclear cells and E. > 10% Snake-like chromatin containing sample (superior conjunctiva, PAS/HE/Papanicolaou OM 400x). E

Results Nasal IC was associated with ST, TFBUT, RBS and symptoms. Nasal IC score showed positive correlation with number of abnormal clinical tests (figure 3). Temporal IC was associated with ST and symptoms. Snake-like chromatin was associated with age, ST and IC nasal and superior findings.

Figure 02. IC data (valid specimens) for 6 combined clinical tests *Linear-by-linear association 0.001. S = superior; N = nasal; I = inferior; T = temporal.

Conclusions Our study identified a prevalence of 57 – 81% of normal cytological findings in normal subjects Impression cytology findings of exposed bulbar conjunctiva were more often altered Despite a few associations among tests, there was no conclusive correlation among these tests, symptoms and IC results.

References Aragona P, Romeo GF, Puzzolo D, Micali A, Ferreri G. Impression cytology of the conjunctival epithelium in patients with vernal conjunctivitis. Eye 1996;10 ( Pt 1):82-5. Nelson JD. Impression cytology. Cornea 1988;7:71-81 Schein OD, Tielsch JM, Munoz B, Bandeen-Roche K, West S. Relation between signs and symptoms of dry eye in the elderly. A population-based perspective. Ophthalmology 1997;104:1395-401. Methodologies to diagnose and monitor dry eye disease: report of the Diagnostic Methodology Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf 2007;5:108-52. Bjerrum KB. Snake-like chromatin in conjunctival cells of a population aged 30-60 years from Copenhagen City. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1998;76:294-8. Paschides CA, Petroutsos G, Psilas K. Correlation of conjunctival impression cytology results with lacrimal function and age. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1991;69:422-5.