Bell Ringer: October 20 Who are the three men who contributed to the cell theory?

The Eukaryotic Cell A cell containing a nucleus Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells Highly specialized Unicellular or multicellular

identifying organelles Animal Cell Little Organs that do specialized jobs identifying organelles

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Plant Cell

lysosomes and centrioles So, tell me… Can you identify a plant cell? Can you identify an animal cell? What do plant cells have that animal cells do not? What do animal cells have that plant cells do not? Cell Photographs for Cell Comparison Lab cell walls chloroplasts lysosomes and centrioles

Let’s keep it separated… Cell biologists or cytologists divide the eukaryotic cell into TWO major parts and The Cytoplasm the nucleus They go together like….Ramma Lamma Lamma, Dingity….oops! The portion of the cell outside the nucleus: gel-like material They work together in the business of LIFE!

Beginning with the BRAIN… that is, of the cell... The NUCLEUS Contains nearly all of the cell’s DNA Meaning…it holds all of the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules

Around the Nucleus the nuclear envelope Has two membranes Pores allow materials, such as RNA, to move in and out of nucleus

Inside the Nucleus Chromosomes Chromatin Granular material Is made of DNA bound to protein Usually spread throughout the nucleus Condensed chromatin Thread-like structures Contain the genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next

Nucleolus A small, dense region where the assembly of ribosomes begins

Ribosomes Small particles of RNA and proteins Found throughout the cytoplasm PRODUCE PROTEINS Cells that are active in protein synthesis are often packed with ribosomes Follow orders given by the nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum The ER The site where lipid components of the cell membrane, proteins, and other materials are assembled and then exported from the cell

Rough ER vs. Smooth ER Ribosomes found on the surface Ribosomes are NOT found on the surface Contains enzymes which perform specialized tasks Detoxification of drugs Liver cells, which play a key role in detoxifying drugs, often have large amounts of smooth ER Ribosomes found on the surface Involved in the synthesis of proteins

Golgi Apparatus AKA. Golgi bodies Looks like a stack of pancakes Similar to a mail room Function: modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the ER for storage inside the cell or secretion outside the cell AKA. Golgi bodies

The clean-up crew Small organelles filled with enzymes Function: the digestion, or breakdown, of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins so those organic compounds can be used by the rest of the cell Function: breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness Tay-Sach’s disease===when lysosomes fail to do their job

Vacuoles A sac-like place for storage of water, salts, proteins, carbohydrates Most often found in plant cells

Contractile Vacuole in the Paramecium Vacuole contracts rhythmically Pumps excess water out of the cell An example of HOMEOSTASIS

Mighty, Mighty, Mitochondria aka. the POWERHOUSE! Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use Nearly all of your Mitochondria com from the cytoplasm of the ovum (egg) THANK YOUR MOM TODAY!

Found in Plant cells Function: organelles that capture energy from the sun and convert it to chemical energy in a process called: PHOTOSYNTHESIS CONTAIN THE GREEN PIGMENT: CHLOROPHYLL

Cytoskeleton A network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain shape. Also involved in movement Cytoskeleton of a cultured epithelial cell. Microtubules are shown in green, actin is shown in red and DNA is in blue. Image by Steve Rogers. Protein filaments include: Microtubules and Microfilaments

Centrioles A pair of structures formed by tubulin Located near the nucleus Help to organize cell division Found only in ANIMAL CELLS