High ∆Gº Hydrolysis Compounds High energy ~ ∆Gº = –14.8 kcal/mol = –61.9 kJ/mol

High ∆Gº Hydrolysis Compounds Another one ∆Gº = –11.8 kcal/mol = –49.3 kJ/mol

High ∆Gº Hydrolysis Compounds Another form of high energy. ∆Gº = –10.3 kcal/mol = –43 kJ/mol

Phosphate Anhydrides (Pyrophosphates) ATP ∆Gº = –7.3 kcal/mol = –30.5 kJ/mol

Thiol Esters ∆Gº = –7.5 kcal/mol = –31.4 kJ/mol Thiol ester - high energy ∆Gº = –7.5 kcal/mol = –31.4 kJ/mol

Thiol Esters Thiol ester less resonance-stabilized Thiol ester are high energy Thiol ester less resonance-stabilized

“High-Energy” Compounds Large ∆Gº hydrolysis Bond strain (electrostatic repulsion) in reactant ATP Products stabilized by ionization Acyl-P Products stabilized by isomerization PEP Products stabilized by resonance Creatine-P Contributors

“High-Energy” Compounds “High-energy” compound is one with a ∆Gº below –6 kcal/mol (–25 kJ/mol) Definition

High-Energy Compounds Table of high-energy compounds

Group Transfer Potential The intermediate step.

Adenylates

ATP

ADP

AMP