http://www.esf.edu/chemistry/reu/chemistry.with.a.purpose.jpg

Life: Macro to Micro Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism Organ system Organ Tissue Cell Molecule Atom

What is matter? WHAT IS MATTER? Anything that takes up space. http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/lessons/Indianajennette2112003807/ThreeStatesofMatter.jpg

This shows 2 phases of water. http://farm1.static.flickr.com/179/469960481_d98f6680ac.jpg?v=0

Humans: What Are We Made Of?

What are some elements? Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur http://www.nassmc.org/graphics/nitrogen.jpg http://www.seacoastnrg.org/img/carbon_element.jpg

That Darn Periodic Table What do all those numbers mean anyway? Atomic number Number of what? Unique to each element Mass number Sum of what?

http://61. 19. 145. 8/student/m5year2006-2/502/group11/periodic_table http://61.19.145.8/student/m5year2006-2/502/group11/periodic_table.gif

Matter is made up of ATOMS What are the 3 parts of an atom?

ATOMS http://www.purchon.com/chemistry/helium.htm http://www.micromountain.com/sci_diagrams/at_struct/at_struct_pages/naanim.html

Filling The Energy Shells (Empty circle = no electron present)

ATOMS and their PARTICLES Atomic # = # p+ # p+ = # e- Atomic Mass = # p+ + # N Element Atomic # Mass # p+ # N # e- Al O

There’s Different Kinds of Carbon? Isotopes When an element can have different numbers of what? Carbon = very good example

Bonding: 3 types Covalent Ionic Hydrogen http://eggheadmarketing.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/glue.jpg

Covalent Bonds: 2 elements share electrons http://www.visionlearning.com/library/flash_viewer.php?oid=1348&mid=55 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Covalent_bond_hydrogen.svg/700px-Covalent_bond_hydrogen.svg.png

Covalent Bonding

Ionic Bonds Transfer of electrons

Ionic Bonding Ion: Atom gains or loses an electron

What is the molecular formula for these molecules? What is this? Water What is the molecular formula for these molecules? H2O http://www.sinap.ac.cn/water08/pic/350px-Water_molecule_svg.png

How many water molecules? 5 Waters = 5H2O http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/geology/images/water_molecules_lg.gif

Representing Molecules

What is the molecular formula of glucose? C6H12O6 http://home.hia.no/~stephens/glucose.gif

What is the molecular formula of fructose? ISOMERS

If I rip a piece of paper how does the paper change? PHYSICAL CHANGE

What about if I burn it? CHEMICAL CHANGE

What happens to the milk?

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_solution.html

http://www.lcc.ukf.net/KS3Chem/mixtur3.jpg

Chemical Reactions Must be balanced! Reactants vs. products

Chemical Equations H202 H2 + O2 Products Reactants

Water & Life Life began in water 3/4 of Earth is water All living things need water Your cells ≈ 70-95% water

Structure of Water Polar Unequal sharing of electrons Opposite charges on opposite ends Appears bent

Water Molecules have a slight charge. Polar molecule http://www.school-for-champions.com/chemistry/images/polar_molecules-h2o.gif

Structure of Water Hydrogen bonds Weak attractions

POLAR

Cohesion – Same molecules that stick together

Adhesion – Different molecules that stick together Ex. Capillary Action

Water’s Life-Supporting Properties Cohesive Much stronger Trees: transport water ST

Water’s Life-Supporting Properties Moderates temperature Heats & cools slowly Earth’s water Evaporative cooling

Water’s Life-Supporting Properties Ice Density of water Ice floats Why is this important?

Water’s Life-Supporting Properties Solvent Water can dissolve many things The medium for chemical reactions

pH Potential Hydrogen Measures amount of H ions in a solution Amount of acid or base.

Acids, Bases & pH pH scale Measurement of H+ ions Acid: Neutral: Base:

Each pH unit represents a 10 fold change. http://www.ec.gc.ca/WATER/images/manage/qual/a3p7e-sm-rev.gif

Now, that wasn’t so bad, was it? www.cartoonstock.com Now, that wasn’t so bad, was it?