Spain Builds an American Empire Chapter 4 Section 1

Goals and Objectives: Upon completion, students should be able to: 1. Describe the voyages of Columbus and other key explorers. 2. Describe the Spanish conquests of the Aztecs and the Inca 3. Identify the impacts of Spanish colonization on the indigenous population. 4. Trace the level of resistance to Spanish rule. by the indigenous population.

Columbus Exploration causes the Spanish to establish colonies in the Americas

First Encounters Columbus reaches Americas in 1492 Thinking he was in the East Indies he names the people he encounters “Los Indios” – Indians Actually landed on an island, most likely the Bahamas

Where’s the Gold??????? Unable to find gold, he claims the lands for Spain 1493 – sets out for another voyage to the Americas with a larger fleet Spain sets up colonies – Lands controlled by a foreign nation

Exploration 1500 – Pedro Alvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal 1501 – Amerigo Vespucci identifies South America as a continent 1507 – German map maker names the new continent America

Vasco Nunez be Balboa reaches the pacific Ocean 1519 – Ferdinand Magellan leaves to sail around the world 1522 – Magellan is killed, but some of his men return to Spain

Spanish Conquer Mexico Conquistadors 1519 – Hernando Cortes – Spanish adventurer – lands in Mexico He and others became known as conquistadors – Spanish conquerors

Cortes Conquers the Aztecs Cortez and 600 men reach Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan By 1521, the conquer Aztec Empire Superior weapons and disease wipe out Aztecs so quickly

Spanish conquer Peru Francisco Pizzaro Leads force to Peru in in 1532 Pizzaro kills Atahualpa – Inca Ruler – and defeats the Inca

Results of Spanish Conquest Spanish men and Native women have children Large mestizo – mixed Spanish and native – population Encomienda system – Spanish force natives to work for them

Portuguese Portuguese settle in Brazil during the 1530’s, begin growing sugar

Spanish Influence Conquests bring large wealth to the Spanish and as a result they expand their Navy to protect ships carrying treasure 1513 – Juan Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain

1540’s – Francisco Coronado explores Southwest, finds little gold Catholic priests set up missions in Southwest Early 1600’s, Spanish establish capital of Santa Fe

Opposition to Spanish Catholic priests object to treatment of natives Spain abolishes Encomienda system in 1542 Need for workers causes African slave trade

Some native Americans resist Spanish conquerors 1680 – Pope’ leads rebellion against Spanish in modern New Mexico Spanish driven out, but return 12 years later to stay