HCS 1070 SLO: 1.10 Respiratory Regulation

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Presentation transcript:

HCS 1070 SLO: 1.10 Respiratory Regulation

Chemical Control Respiration is controlled by chemoreceptors that are sensitive to chemicals dissolved in body fluids. Chemoreceptors are located centrally near the brain stem and peripherally in the arteries.

Central Chemoreceptors These receptors can be found on either side of the brain stem near the medulla oblongata It responds to CO2 levels circulating in the blood and to the Hydrogen ions as the CO2 is converted into bicarbonate and H+ (sensitive to the change in pH) Hypercapnia is the rise in blood CO2 levels and this triggers ventilation

Peripheral Chemoreceptors These structures are not found in the brain but are located in the carotid and aortic arch. These contain sensory neurons that respond mainly to a decrease in oxygen supply They are not usually involved in regulating breathing because they do not act until oxygen drops to a very low level.

Ultimately, carbon dioxide then has the most immediate effect in regulating respiration. When carbon dioxide levels increase, breathing must be increased to blow off the excess gas

Hyperventilation This condition results from deep and rapid respiration that commonly occurs during anxiety attacks, or when a person is experiencing pain or other forms of stress Hyperventilation causes an increase in the oxygen levels and a decrease in carbon dioxide levels

This low level of carbon dioxide changes the pH of the blood which causes dizziness and tingling sensations In extreme cases, a person may faint and then breathing will involuntarily return to normal To help a person who is hyperventilating, speak calmly and reassuringly and encourage them to take even breaths from the diaphragm

Hypoventilation Caused by insufficient amounts of air entering into the alveoli. Causes can include: Respiratory obstruction Lung disease Injury to the respiratory center Depression of the respiratory center(caused by drugs) Chest deformity

Read A Closer Look on pg 415 Adaptations to High Altitude: Living with Hypoxia and complete the questions in your notes booklet