Answer these Review Qs- 2/9/2015 Turn in Everest Article and Questions- make sure back is Complete- “How Do You breathe?” exercise. You have 5 minutes Answer these Review Qs- What process allows oxygen to enter the bloodstream? How? What process gets rid of Carbon dioxide? How? Why is it harder to breathe if you are climbing at an altitude of 10,000 ft.? How is most oxygen transported in the blood? How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

Controls of Breathing Page 27

What controls breathing? Involuntary/passive

How does the brain control respiration? Parts of the Brain: Medulla oblongata- Inspiration center- Expiration center- Basic rhythm pattern of diaphragm Pons-

Pons Smooths out transition between inspiration and expiration

How are CO2 levels detected in the blood? Chemoreceptors- AKA-chemosensitive areas Medulla chemoreceptors- Sensitive to concentration changes of CO2, and pH Too much CO2 - breathing increases to rid body of excess CO2

How are O2 levels detected in the blood? Peripheral chemoreceptors- Sensitive to low concentration of O2 Triggers the respiratory center to increase breathing rate

What can affect breathing rate?

Emotions- fear and pain can increase breathing rates If breathing is stopped, CO2 and H+ build up and O2 gets lower- body will have urge to breathe Effects of hyperventilation- too much of an increase in breathing rate- can be dizzy or faint due to low CO2 levels, cerebral blood vessels constrict Can be averted by breathing in paper bag which has a higher conc. Of CO2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92irFmOa4eA

Effects of hypoventilation- can be dizzy or faint due to low O2 levels, can cause death if rate is slowed too much Typically caused by mountain sickness or intake of sedatives, stroke https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beLF6fchjqI

Oxygen Levels of High Altitude Same amount of oxygen in air- 21% Air is less dense, the higher you go (Boyle’s LAW) Molecules are further away- harder to get oxygen Can acclimatize- acclimate/adapt to higher altitude

Adapting to a High Altitude Read and highlight/annotate your article. Answer the following questions: Besides the daily extremes of climate, what is another challenge of high altitudes? True/False-There is less oxygen available at higher altitudes. So why does it feel so difficult to breathe at higher altitudes? What physiologically changes when we arrive at a higher altitude? Why is the Olympic Training Center located in Colorado? What evolutionary changes are present in native people in Peru/Bolivia and Nepal?

Ticket OUT DOOR What process allows oxygen to enter the bloodstream from the alveolus? How? What process gets rid of Carbon dioxide? How? Why is it harder to breathe if you are climbing at an altitude of 10,000 ft.? How is most oxygen transported in the blood? How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?