Genocide and Secession

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Presentation transcript:

Genocide and Secession Sudan Genocide and Secession

Africa’s largest country - about 1/4th the size of the USA Sudan History Africa’s largest country - about 1/4th the size of the USA British colony until 1956 Islamic military government Dictator: President Omar al-Bashir since 1993

Sudan North most productive agriculture capital city, Khartoum Arab and Muslim

Sudan

Sudan South one of world’s poorest regions predominately farmers and herders few exports follow traditional religions, a minority Christian ethnically and linguistically diverse Several civil wars in recent years civil war: a war between citizens of the same country

North vs South North tried to impose Muslim principles on the entire country including repression of women 1983-2005: North-South War estimated 1.9 million Sudanese dead, mostly civilians more than 4 million fled South Sudan 2 million died from famine peace agreement between the Sudanese government and southern rebels signed in 2005 South allowed to govern itself for 6 years

Genocide in Darfur

Genocide in Darfur Darfur: region in western Sudan 2003: After years of discrimination and neglect from Arab Muslim national government, the region’s black Africans rebelled Sudanese government + janjaweed crushed rebellion janjaweed: “man or devil on a horse” government backed militia used murder, rape, starvation, and forced removal http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/world/interactives/chad/

Sudan Government Forces

Genocide in Darfur 480,000 killed 2.8 million in refugee camps, many in neighboring Chad http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2008/06/faces_of_sudan.html

Genocide in Darfur Dictator Bashir wanted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for crimes against humanity he is the only sitting president facing genocide charges indicted in 2009 on 7 counts of crimes against humanity 2010: additional warrant issued for genocide reelected in 2010 and 2015 continues to travel abroad

Secession In 2011, the Peace Agreement ended when the South voted in favor of secession from the North secession: to break away 99% of Southern Sudanese voted to secede

Secession Continued fighting with the North border disputes cultural issues control over oil fields 75% of former Sudan’s oil fields refineries and pipelines in Sudan reached agreement in 2013 UN has peacekeeping troops in place

Oil and gas production in Sudan

Secession Civil War in South Sudan border disputes started in 2013 between President and rebels killed thousands 2.2 million fled their homes tentative peace agreement in August, 2015