CATEGORY THREE: GOVERNMENT AND CITIZENSHIP

Signed on July 4, 1776 Written by Thomas Jefferson He said we are all born with “Unalienable Rights” Life, Liberty & Pursuit of Happiness

The Articles of Confederation Major weaknesses: *states had more power *no executive or judicial branch *not tax the people *states could nullify laws they didn’t agree with!

The Northwest Ordinance When a “territory” got 60,000 they could apply for statehood!

Shay’s Rebellion: showed how weak the Articles of Confederation really was!

The Constitutional Convention (Philadelphia 1787) Article of Confederation Northwest Ordinance Territory 60,000 Represented

The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Great Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise

Magna Carta – 1215 Recognized that people do have certain rights such as a “trial by jury!”

John Locke: (English Bill of Rights!) We are all entitled to natural rights, such as: Life, Liberty and Property! Government gets its power from the Consent of the Governed!

From the 13 colonies Maryland Act of Toleration-1649 Mayflower Compact (Self- Government) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (Church/State) From the 13 colonies Maryland Act of Toleration-1649 House of Burgesses (Representative Government)

Federalists – For the New Constitution Anti-Federalists – Against the New Constitution

Leading “Anti- Federalists” were Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry!!

THE BILL OF RIGHTS Several states refused to RATIFY the Constitution until the Bill of Rights were added.

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison & John Jay wrote: “The Federalist Papers!”

Constitutional Principles: Federalism Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Limited Government Popular Sovereignty Republic

Amendment Process Must be passed by 2/3rds of the Congress and 3/4ths of the states!

Bill of Rights: 1st – RAPPS: Religion, Assembly, Press, Petition, Speech 2nd – Bear arms 3rd – No quartering act 4th – Unreasonable search and seizure 5th- Do not have to testify against yourself (taking the 5th)

Bill of Rights: 6th – Trial by Jury in Criminal Cases 7th – Trial by Jury in Civil Cases 8th – No cruel & unusual punishment 9th – Power to the people 10th – Power to the states (Federalism)

FREE CITIZENS VOTE 13th 14th 15th Civil War Amendments: 13th – Ended Slavery 14th – Granted Citizenship 15th – African American men could vote (Suffrage-voting rights) FREE CITIZENS VOTE 13th 14th 15th

Supreme Court Cases: 1.) Marbury V. Madison (Judicial Review) M&Ms = Jolly Ranchers 2.) Worcester V. Georgia (Cherokees) 3.) Dred Scott V. Sanford (slaves are property and African Americans not citizens) 4.) Gibbons V. Ogden – no monopolies! 5.) McCullough V. Maryland – Federal has more power than the States!

Colonial Grievances addressed by the Constitution: John Peter Zenger (Freedom of Speech/Press) Lexington & Concord (right to bear arms) Quartering Act – 3rd Amendment

Citizenship Civic Virtue is putting your country first, even at a great sacrifice to yourself! George Washington was a great example of Civic Virtue! Civil Disobedience is standing up for what you believe in, even if you may have to go to jail. Henry David Thoreau was a great example of Civil Disobedience.

MAJOR POLITICAL PARTIES: FEDERALISTS-Strong Federal Government DEMOCRATIC – REPUBLICANS -Strong State Governments WHIGS-Consisted of Wealthy Northern Business Men DEMOCRATS-Consisted of the Common People KNOW-NOTHING PARTY -Attempted to keep immigrants from getting jobs in America FREE-SOIL-Attempted to keep slavery out of the Mexican Cession REPUBLICANS-Started to put an end to Slavery. Abraham Lincoln was the 1st President from this party.