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C H A M P Astronomical Bodies in The Solar System SC.8.E.5.7 Compare and contrast the properties of objects in the Solar System including the Sun, planets, and moons to those of Earth, such as gravitational force, distance from the Sun, speed, movement, temperature, and atmospheric conditions. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What patterns can be seen when looking at the properties of bodies in our Solar System?

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Inner planets (Terrestrial Planets) Two Groups of Planets Inner planets (Terrestrial Planets) Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars Outer planets (Giant Gas Planets) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Properties of Mercury Distance from Sun: 36 mill. mi Mass: 5.5% Earth Temperature: 840 (day) / -300°F(night) Atmosphere: None Revolution: 88 Earth days Moons: 0

Revolution Compared to Earth

Venus Distance From Sun: 67 mill. mi. Mass: 81.5% Earth Temperature: 870°F Atmosphere: DENSE, Hot, Storms Revolution: 225 Earth days Moons: None

Revolution Compared to Earth

Earth Distance from Sun: 93 mil. mi Mass: 1 Earth Average Temp: 57°F Revolution: 365 days Atmosphere: Holds heat, blocks meteors, filters harmful radiation. Moon: 1

Mars Distance from Sun: 230 mill. mi. Mass: 1/15th of Earth Avg Temp.: -81°F Revolution: 687 Earth days Atmosphere: Thin, mostly CO2 Moons: 2

Revolution Compared to Earth

Jupiter Distance from Sun: 5.2 AU Mass: 317.8 Earths Surface Temperature: -162°F Revolution: 11.86 Earth years Atmosphere: Hydrogen/Helium Gas Moons: 67 Moons

Revolution Compared to Earth

Saturn Distance from Sun: 9 AU Mass: 95 Earths Temperature: -218 °F Revolution: 29.4 Earth years Atmosphere: Moons: 62 Moons

Revolution Compared to Earth

URANUS Distance from Sun: 20 AU Mass: 14.5 Earths Temperature: -323 °F Revolution: 84 Earth years Atmosphere: Hydrogen/Helium Gas Moons: 27 Moons

Revolution Compared to Earth

Neptune Distance from Sun: 30.1 AU Mass: 17 Earths Temperature: -330 °F Revolution: 165 Earth years Atmosphere: Hydrogen/Helium Gas Moons: 13 Moons

Revolution Compared to Earth

Small Bodies in the Solar System Moons: A small body that revolves around a planet. Asteroids: Small rocky or metallic body that orbits the Sun. Comets: A small body of ice, dust and rock. Dwarf Planets: Orbits the Sun Planet’s gravity forms a spherical body. Does NOT clear objects out of its orbit.

YOU DO QUESTION #1 If you were to observe the Moon through a telescope, you would see many dark impact craters from meteoroids. The Moon is relatively close to the Earth and is also in the path of these meteoroids. Why is the Earth’s surface not covered by the same impact craters? The Earth has a thick atmosphere that provides a barrier. The Moon’s gravity is greater than the Earth’s gravity. The Moon’s atmosphere is made of carbon dioxide, unlike ours. The Earth has an electromagnetic field to protect it from rocks. Correct Answer: A

YOU DO QUESTION #2 The planets in our Solar System share some similarities, but their differences often outnumber the similarities. For example, one day on Neptune is only about 16.1 hours, and while Earth and Neptune both have natural satellites, Earth has only one moon, while Neptune has 13. Which of the following is also an accurate comparison of Earth and Neptune? Neptune has a more solid surface than Earth. Earth has a shorter period of revolution than Neptune. Neptune has a longer period of rotation than Earth. Earth has a lower average temperature than Neptune. Correct Answer: B

YOU DO QUESTION #3 Teresa is studying the Solar System. She learns that Jupiter has 18 named moons as well as many small unnamed ones, and that Earth has just one moon. Which of the following best explains why Jupiter has so many more moons than Earth? Jupiter is much farther away from the Sun than Earth, so it attracts more moons. Jupiter has a much greater mass, and therefore a greater gravitational pull, than Earth. Jupiter has a thicker, denser atmosphere than Earth, and it condenses rock particles to form moons. Jupiter is so much colder than Earth that clumps of ice form moons in its upper atmosphere more readily. Correct Answer: B