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Causes Power Struggle Results Long-term Effects

Slavery In Colonial America

Slavery and Empire 1492-1820 Estimated 7.7 million Africans transported to the New World More than half arrived between 1700-1800 Slave trade was major part of world commerce. Asiento Spain subcontracted the right to provide slaves in Spanish America British acquired this right Dutch in 1713 Major step in its rise to commercial dominance First mass consumer goods produced by slaves Sugar, rice, coffee, tobacco

Atlantic Trade

Causes of Atlantic Slave Trade Abundance of land Shortage of indentured servants Enslaving native peoples was ineffective European demand for colonial goods Reinforced by strong feelings of racial and cultural superiority

Africa and the Slave Trade African rulers traded slaves for guns, textiles, and rum Central part of West African society Large West African armies conquered and enslaved their neighbors.

The Middle Passage Voyage across the Atlantic for slaves High mortality rates Vast majority of slaves went to Brazil or the West Indies

Slavery in the Chesapeake Tobacco plantations Smaller than Caribbean More interactions between slaves and masters. Slaveholders dominated society and politics Social hierarchy Large planters Lesser planters and landowning yeomen Tenant farmers, indentured servants, convicts Slaves Virginia law required freed slaves be sent out of colony

Slavery in the Southern Colonies South Carolina Owned more land and slaves than Virgianians Africans taught English settlers rice cultivation Africans partially immune to malaria Watery rice fields Wealthiest slaveowning class in N. America 100,000 slaves by 1770 Over half the population

Slavery in the Northern Colonies Less central to the economy More dispersed than Southern slaves Worked as farm hands, artisans in shops, loading/unloading ships, personal servants Slave marriages recognized in law Property ownership Heavily involved in the slave trade

Slave Culture Synthesis of African traditions, European culture, and new conditions in America Chesapeake Higher birthrate, family-centered More interaction with Whites Learned English, Christianity Southern Colonies Harsh conditions, less interaction with Whites Spoke Gullah (mixed African languages) African names for their children Northern Colonies Culture developed more slowly Lived in close proximity to whites More access to mainstream life

Slave Resistance Slaves would often run away Slave Uprisings New York City, 1712 Nine whites killed 18 executed South Carolina, 1739 Stono Rebellion 24 whites, 200 slaves killed New York City, 1741 Series of fires, rumors of slave plot Hundreds arrested 34 alleged conspirators executed