SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES Top 7 presented in order of most common.

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) The most common STD: most sexually active people get at least one type at some point in their life. Over 40 types of HPV. Most people who are infected do not even know they have it In 90% of cases, body’s immune system clears HPV within 2 years of infection Can infect the genitals, mouth, or throat.

HPV SYMPTOMS, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT Some serious health complications occur: Genital warts in males and females Cancers of cervix, vulva, vagina, and penis Vaccines protect against most types of HPV. There is no treatment for the virus itself, but symptoms can be treated.

CHLAMYDIA Almost 3 million new cases each year. It is a bacterial infection. Transmission through sexual contact or during childbirth (mother to child). Can infect the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus.

Chlamydia symptoms and treatment Discharge from penis or vagina. Burning during urination. Most people with chlamydia have no symptoms. Treatment Treated with antibiotics A person can be infected multiple times.

CHLAMYDIA COMPLICATIONS Without treatment, can lead to serious health complications. Can cause infertility. Women can develop pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Men can develop a painful inflammation of the epididymis.

TRICHOMONIASIS U.S.: More than 1 million new cases each year. Caused by sexually transmitted protozoan (single-celled organism, parasite) In women, the infection is usually in the vagina or urethra. In men, in the urethra.

TRICHOMONIASIS SYMPTOMS Most people do not show symptoms. Some infected people have itching or burning during urination. Discharge from penis or vagina. Pregnant women with trichomoniasis may have babies who are born early or with low birth weight

TRICHOMONIASIS TREATMENT Can be treated with antibiotics.

GONORRHEA U.S.: more than 800,000 new cases each year. Caused by a bacteria that can grow in the vagina, uterus, urethra, mouth, throat, eyes, and anus. Spread through sexual contact or from mother to child during childbirth.

GONORRHEA SYMPTOMS Most people have mild or no symptoms. Painful urination White, yellow, or green discharge from the penis or vagina. Pain in the testicles. Vaginal bleeding between periods.

Gonorrhea complications Without treatment, gonorrhea can lead to: Pelvic inflammatory disease (women) increases risk of infertility or serious complications during pregnancy. Epididymitis (men) painful inflammation of the epididymis, leading to infertility.

Involves two different antibiotics. GONORRHEA TREATMENT Involves two different antibiotics.

GENITAL HERPES U.S.: almost 800,000 new cases per year. Caused by a virus Spread through sexual contact with someone who is infected. Infects the vagina, penis, anus, and mouth. Most people show minimal or no symptoms Some get “blisters” around genitals which break and result in tender sores Infection can remain in body indefinitely Transmission can occur even when no sores are present in the infected person The first symptoms may not appear for years after infection

Genital herpes symptoms Most people have mild or no symptoms. It can also come in “outbreaks” Lesions (blisters) around the genital, anus, or mouth. Blisters can break open and become painful sores that take a long time to heal. Fluid inside the sores contains the virus. Contact can be spread through the skin, even without sores.

GENITAL HERPES TREATMENT There is no cure for genital herpes Outbreaks become shorter and less severe over time. Medications can help prevent and shorten outbreaks, or ease the pain of sores.

About 55,000 new cases in the U.S. each year. Caused by a bacteria SYPHILIS About 55,000 new cases in the U.S. each year. Caused by a bacteria Spread through sexual contact or from mother to child. Can infect the genitals, lips, and mouth.

Syphilis symptoms Can take 90 days (or longer) for symptoms to appear. After sores appear, a rash develops. Rash can be on palms, soles, sometimes all over body. Serious health problems Brain damage, paralysis, blindness, dementia, mortality.

Treated with antibiotics. SYPHILIS TREATMENT Treated with antibiotics. The more quickly a person is treated, the more completely they will recover (early detection is key).

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and AIDS We will cover this next class.

Other not covered: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): serious infection of the female reproductive system from other STDs. Can be treated with antibiotics. Pubic lice: attach to coarse hair (on any part of the body), spread through contact, bed sheets, or clothing. Not spread through pets. Eradicated with medicated shampoos.

NON-STDs These 3 conditions may seem like sexually transmitted diseases, but they are not: Yeast infections Jock itch Mononucleosis

PREVENTION What is almost 100% effective at preventing the spread of STDs?

Abstinence Refraining from sexual activity, both in and out of marriage. If used continuously, 100% effective at preventing pregnancy and STDs. Why choose abstinence: No medical or hormonal side effects. Free Wait until you’re ready / find the right partner. Have fun without sexual involvement. Focus on school, career, life. Support personal beliefs or values. Heal from a break up or loss.

Next most reliable: monogamy Having only one sexual partner in a lifetime. Helps stop the spread of STDs, will not prevent pregnancy. Why choose monogamy: Wait until you’re ready / find the right partner. Have fun without sexual involvement. Support personal beliefs or values.

Third best option: condoms A thin latex or polyurethane sheath worn over the penis during sexual intercourse. Benefits: Condoms are effective at preventing: HIV Chlamydia Gonorrhea PID Trichomoniasis However: Condoms might not cover the infected area. Genital herpes HPV genital warts Pubic lice Syphilis

CONDOM INFO. Condoms do protect very well against diseases that are spread through semen, vaginal fluids and blood. Condoms are less effective for diseases that are spread skin-to-skin or, like lice, hair-to-hair. A herpes sore or a genital wart, for instance, might be on a person’s scrotum or labia where a condom just wouldn’t cover it, even when there was no sore or wart visible. Note: NO DISEASES TRAVEL THROUGH LATEX OR POLYURETHANE.

Sources of information www.cdc.gov http://www.kingcounty.gov/healthservices/health/persona l/famplan/educators/grades78.aspx https://www.healthgrades.com/conditions/7-most- common-sexually-transmitted-diseases