Discovery, Exploration, & Commerce

Motives

Motives for Exploration God Gold Glory

Motives #1 – GOD The CHURCH wanted to: Stop the spread of Islam Spread Christianity

Motive #2 – GOLD MERCHANTS wanted to: Find new trade routes to the East Make a profit

Motive #3 – GLORY EUROPEANS wanted to: Establish colonies & trading posts throughout the world (competition between nations)

New Technology

New Technology Astrolabe: An astronomical instrument that was used to determine latitude

New Technology Triangular Sails: Sails that allowed ships to sail AGAINST the wind Cartography Improvement: Increasingly precise maps

New Technology The Caravel: A small, sturdy & highly maneuverable ship Proved to be more effective than previous vessels

The Race is On!

The Race is On! At the time the Portuguese were most advanced in terms of new sailing technology Began a national rivalry between Portugal & Spain

The Race is On! Line of Demarcation (1493): An imaginary line of longitude that was established to divide lands claimed by Portugal from those claimed by Spain Intended to maintain peace

The Race is On! Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): Moved the Line of Demarcation further to the West due to Portuguese complaints

The Impact of Exploration

#1 – The Triangular Trade

#1 – The Triangular Trade Europe – Africa: weapons, rum & cloth Africa – Americas: slaves Americas – Europe: sugar, molasses, cotton, tobacco

#2 – The Middle Passage Second leg of the Triangle Trade; 6 to 12 week voyage Tiny spaces, chained together Darkness, stench, heat 1 in 5 did not survive

#2 – The Middle Passage Died of disease, suffocation or suicide 20 – 30 million people taken from Africa

Diagram of Slave Ship

#3 – Joint Stock Companies Merchants who wanted to invest in exploration formed Joint Stock Companies Raised money by combining resources with other merchants

#3 – Joint Stock Companies Allowed large & small investors to share the profits & risks of exploration voyages

#4 – Mercantilism Belief that a nation’s power depended directly on its wealth; amount of gold/silver it possessed Goal of every nation was to become as wealthy as possible

#5 – Colonial Development European nations established colonies to gain power & wealth, as well as to make the “mother country” self sufficient

#6 – Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange refers to global transfer of plants, animals, diseases and technology between the “Old” and “New” Worlds Transformed European and Native American ways of life

#6 – Columbian Exchange

America: Asia: Europe: Africa: Potato Corn Turkey Chili Pepper Chocolate Pineapple Blueberry Pumpkin Asia: Rice Tea Spices Sugarcane Soybean Coconut Eggplant Citrus Fruit Europe: Cattle Horse Wheat Sugar Onion Olive Beef Cabbage Citrus Fruit Africa: Banana Rice Plantain Yam Okra Pepper Coffee Where did it come from?

SMALLPOX

Ticket out the door Think of your favorite meal List all the ingredients needed to create that meal (on your ticket) Label those ingredients ‘Old World’ or ‘New World’ When finished, determine whether anyone on earth could have enjoyed that meal prior to 1492! Record your answer on the ticket.