Bell-Ringer 5/3: Vietnam War On the back of your Vietnam War worksheet, list the following information using your prior knowledge OR educated guesses Strengths of the U.S. military Weaknesses of the U.S. military (I know this isn’t easy, but really try to think of some!) Types of enemies the U.S. easily defeats Types of enemies the U.S. struggles to defeat

The Vietnam War Chapter 30 1954-1975

Early Vietnam War History From late 1800’s to the end of WWII: French controlled Indochina. French surrendered most of Indochina to Japan during WWII. Japan surrendered Indochina after WWII. France tried to resume its’ control. First Indochina War (1946-54) France vs. Vietminh Vietminh led by Communist Ho Chi Minh

Early Involvement in Vietnam US helped France through American financial/weapons aid under Truman and Eisenhower. US paid 80% of French war costs by 1954. DOMINO THEORY Dien Bien Phu (May 7, 1954) French suffer 15,000 casualties and surrender.

Early Involvement in Vietnam Geneva Conference (1954) Geneva Accords: Temporary division at 17th parallel into North Vietnam and South Vietnam. Elections are to be held in 1956. Ngo Diem ruled South Vietnam in Saigon. Ho Chi Minh led North Vietnam in Hanoi.

Vietnam War Exam: Tuesday, April 23 Thursday, April 4, 2013 Quick Review of 30.1 Notes: 30.2: Going to war in Vietnam (part 1) Video Clip: Gulf of Tonkin Incident Return Map Quizzes Current Event due tomorrow! Vietnam War Exam: Tuesday, April 23

30.2: Going to war in Vietnam 1956: Diem did not allow elections. Angered Ho Chi Minh and communist supporters in South: began a guerilla war. Ike helped Diem with financial and military aid in South Vietnam.

30.2 Going to war in Vietnam National Liberation Front formed in South Vietnam. NLF: Communist political and military organization working to overthrow Diem. Military wing of NLF: Vietcong VC assassinated hundreds of S. Vietnamese government officials. VC grew more powerful in South; Diem needed help to survive! Ike sent American military advisers to train the South Vietnamese army (ARVN) JFK: 1961-1963: from 2,000-15,000 US military personnel.

Overthrow of Diem Diem and his family were very wealthy; most of population were poor peasant farmers. Catholic: passed many anti-Buddhist laws. Police killed many protesting Buddhists.

Overthrow of Diem Buddhists protested by setting themselves on fire. Kennedy decided South Vietnam needed new leadership. American officials worked with ARVN army generals to overthrow Diem. Nov. 2, 1963- Diem assassinated. S. Vietnamese government remained weak and unstable however.

Gulf of Tonkin Incident August 2, 1964: North Vietnamese torpedo boats fire on USS Maddox in Gulf of Tonkin. LBJ asked Congress to allow use of force to defend Americans in Vietnam. Congress passed Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorizing LBJ to use military. Vietnam War: North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and Vietcong vs. ARVN and the United States.

Monday, April 22, 2013 Finish 30.3 from last Thursday with the sub (p. 904) Notes and Vocab: 30.4: Vietnam War Winds Down (p.910) Current Event Return Work Vietnam War Exam Tomorrow!!! Chapter 30, Sections 1-4!!!

Vietnamization Nixon named Henry Kissinger assistant on national security. Aug. 1969: Begins talks with North Vietnam about cease fire, return of POW’s, and fate of South Vietnam. Talks lasted 4 years. Vietnamization Summer 1969: Nixon withdraws 25,000 troops.

My Lai Massacre November, 1969 media reported on event from Spring, 1968. Lt. William Calley and platoon massacred over 200 unarmed Vietnamese civilians at My Lai. Most were old men, women, children.

Kent State April, 1970: American troops invaded Cambodia. May 7, 1970: Kent State University: Ohio National Guard fires on demonstrators, killing four students and wounding nine others.

Pentagon Papers 1971: Daniel Ellsberg, former Defense Dept. employee, leaked Pentagon Papers to the New York Times. History of the political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. Showed how LBJ administration deceive the press and the public and by lying to Congress.

Election of ‘72 By end of 1971 most Americans wanted troops home. Oct. 1972, Kissinger announces peace settlement near. Election of 1972: Nixon defeats George McGovern. Negotiations broke down following elections. Dec., 1972: “Christmas Bombings” Jan. 1973: North Vietnamese troops allowed to stay in South; U.S. withdraws. March, 1975: North conquers Saigon in weeks. Saigon renamed Ho Chi Minh City and Vietnam is reunified.

Vietnam War Memorial

The Aftermath Cost America over $200 billion. Over 58,000 Americans died, over 300,000 wounded. Roughly 2 million Vietnamese were killed, both soldiers and civilians. American veterans returned home to no parade or celebration and many faced psychological issues. 1982: Vietnam war memorial is dedicated.