ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved ucode An Efficient Tag-based Location Identification System for Ubiquitous Geographic Information Noboru Koshizuka/ Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo Board Member, Ubiquitous ID Center Convener of High-Level Requirement Working Group, in ITU-T JCA-NID

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Introduction

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Introduction Ubiquitous Computing Systems Geographic Information Systems UBGI ~UBiquitous Geographic Information~

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved What is ubiquitous? It is still ambiguous, what is ubiquitous?. Popular answer is information services in anytime, at anywhere, and for anyone. However, anytime, anywhere, and anyone is not a new concept. The ultimate goal of information system has always been anytime, anywhere, and anyone.

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Anytime, Anywhere, Anyone…but..Ubiquitous?

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Context-awareness Ubiquitous computing aims context-aware or proactive information services.

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Key issues of ubiquitous Ubiquitous computing is featured by new key technologies Ultra tiny devices …such as RFIDs and ubiquitous sensor network nodes Automatic identification (AutoID) technologies …such as RFIDs, barcodes, 2D barcodes, IR beacon, … Smart mobile terminals such as smart mobile phones Proliferation of public wireless communication services

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Ultra-tiny devices (Passive RFID) myu-Chip [Hitachi, Japan] 0.2mm*0.2mm

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Ultra-tiny devices (Sensor Network Nodes) 10mm*10mm*10mm UWB Dice [YRP UNL, Japan, 2007]

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Automatic Identification…context-awarness Bob is here! Here is the Dalis painting book! Its very fine weather outside This picture was drawn by Hokusai Who draws this picture? Where is the Dalis painting book? How is the weather outside? Where is Bob?

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Smart Mobile Terminal

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Public Wireless Communication Network

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Objective of this talk I am very happy if I can contribute to make the concept of ubiquitous GI more clearly, By giving the information of ubiquitous location- based information services in Japan Technologies Services and applications

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Agenda 1. Technology: Ubiquitous ID Architecture Overview ucode: ubiquitous code UCR Model ucode Resolution 2. Applications: Location-based Information Services with ucode Overview Tokyo Midtown Tokyo Ubiquitous Technology Project Other projects … 3. Standardization Activity Ubiquitous ID Center ITU-T SG16

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Ubiquitous ID Architecture System architecture for ubiquitous computing applicable to location-aware information services

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Goals of Ubiquitous ID Architecture Users can access digital information from several real-world entities such as objects and places via their electronic devices equipped with communication facilities and a tag R/W. Features 1.Tag-based identifications = identifier is stored in a tag such as RFID, smart card, IR tag, barcode, 2D barcode 2.Services are automatically triggered by obtaining the identifier in a tag 3.Information comes from networks.

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Mobile Information Devices ucode Overview of Ubiquitous ID Architecture ucode Resolution Servers Information Servers ucode, context Information server addresses ucode, context service information

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved ucode ubiquitous code

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved ucode: Definition ucode is a 128 bits number used for identification of real-world entities. We embed these numbers in ucode tags for identification purposes. Semantic information is stored in remote databases via network.

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved ucode: Features 1. ucode is a general identifier system which identifies real-world entities such as objects and places. Using ucode, we can manage objects and places in the same framework. 2. ucode includes no semantic information of the objects and places. Attributes and meanings will be stored remote database via networks. 3. ucode is a fix length number with 128 bits. Its very easy for computers to deal with ucode. It is suitable for storing in small tags such as RFID, IR tags, barcodes, and 2D barcodes. 4. ucode is used to define real-world contexts We have a framework called UCR Model (UCode Relation Model) on the basis of the ucode. 5. ucode enables context-aware information retrievals through computer networks We call this retrieval as ucode resolution.

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved ucode = general identifier system ucode is a general identifier system for ubiquitous information services. General identifier system consists of (1) numbering system and (2) encoding scheme. identifier system (1) numbering system (2) encoding scheme = + Technically, both are independent issues

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved (1) ucode numbering system ucode numbering system is a Multi-code numbering system. This provides a framework assuring global uniqueness for interoperability among different local identifiers. ucode numbering authority is managing only domain numbers. – ucode numbering authority assigns domain numbers to existing ID code scheme and also to new ID code scheme. Top Level Domain Number Second Level Domain Number Local ID Number -- ID allocators code number (eg. country code) Company/organization code number Local code number used in each company/organization Version -

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved (2) ucode encoding scheme version:Version of ucode numbering system TLD:Top-Level Domain Code CC: Specifying the length of DC and IC DC: Second-Level Domain Code IC: Local Identification Code Version TLD CCDCIC Fixed length, 128 bits in binary format (It is possible to extend into 256bit, 384 bit, …) !It is possible to use other encoding schemes, such as Place Identifier, for ucode numbering system.

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved ucode as a location-identifier

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved ucode as a location-identifier ucode identifies a logical, functional or social area of real-world spaces, not a latitude or longitude. Examples ucode: 0x the room 298, in bldg. T2, Hongo Campus, The University of Tokyo ucode: 0x the main entrance of Ginza-Mitsukoshi Department Store ucode: 0x Room 5, , Nishigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo , Japan

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Place identification tags (1)

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Place identification tags(2)

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Place identification tags(3)

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Place identification tags(4)

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved UCR Model ucode Relation Model A description model of real-world contexts

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Prose description of UCR The basic concept of UCR (ucode relation) Model We assign an identifier to every object and place in the real-world. We can describe the real-world situation by the relationship between identifiers or between the identifier and another information.

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Definition: UCR unit UCR unit is defined as the following triple A triple of ucodes = subject ucode relation ucode object ucode A pair of ucodes and an atom = subject ucode relation ucode atom UCR unit is the basic unit for describing real- world context information. ucode 2 ucode 1 ucode A relation ucode object ucode subject ucode ucode 3 … ucode B atom relation ucode subject ucode

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved ucode 0x00fd Ex.: Database for location-based information services using UCR Map Owner Address 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Room No. Room 825 Noboru Koshizuka Name Tanaka Drug Store relation ucode Atom subject ucode ucode

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved ucode Resolution ~Context-aware Information Retrieval Using ucode~

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved ucode Resolution Retrieving information associated with obtained ucode from the networked databases Examples Web pages in HTML Maps in SVG Image/pictures in JPEG Animation/movies in MPEG Interactive contents in Ajax

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved ucode Resolution Query Commands 1. Normal Resolution ( ures_ucd ) ures_ucd returns UCR Units which contains specified subject ucode and relation ucode. 2. UCR Graph Query ( ubld_ucr ) ubld_ucr specifies a subject ucode, and it returns the UCR sub-graphs whose root node is the subject ucode. 3. Pattern Match Query ( umch_ucr ) umch_ucr returns UCR sub-graphs which match the specified UCR expressions.

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Real World Digital information Definition of real world structure = UCR Framework ucode Bridging the gap between Real and Virtual

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Ubiquitous Location-based Information Services with ucode

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Pedestrian Navigation

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Sight-seeing Support (1)

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Sight-seeing Support Shop Explanation of how to make some Japanese sweets

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Education Location ID tag (passive RFID) Mobile terminal with Tag R/W Location ID tag (Active RFID) Mobile terminal

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Supporting the Physically Disabled (1) Location ID tag Blocks for the blind Location ID tag White stick with ID tag R/W

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Supporting the Physically Disabled (2) …even in sick snow Location ID tag White stick with ID tag R/W

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Ex.1 Ubiquitous Art Tour in Roppongi Tokyo Midtowm

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Tokyo Midtown, in Roppongi Tokyo Established in May 2007

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved A few Hundreds of Location ID Tags are deployed in Tokyo Midtown. RF Area for each location ID tag

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Ubiquitous Art Tour in Roppongi Tokyo Midtown Art work

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Ex. 2 Tokyo Ubiquitous Technology Project in Ginza

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Tokyo Ubiquitous Technology Project: Service scenarios. ucode tag Several ID tags are installed all over the Ginza area. These tags can trigger multimedia information delivery services such as advertisement information, restaurant menu information, and timetable of public transportations

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Contents Provided Types of information Current position, location, place information Government information Emergency information Transfer information, train operation information Shops and Goods information Sightseeing/Tour information Providing optimal information depending on the context Multiple languages (Japanese, English, Chinese, Korean, etc.) Speech for people with visual impairments, sign language and vibration for people with hearing impairments Aged and gender Weather, seasons, and emergencies

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Service (1): Showing the current place 3D Panorama Mitsukoshi, Ginza Showing using a digital map Showing using a 3D panorama view

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Service (2): Pedestrian Navigation Navigation with maps and speech Even, in the underground and buildings Flexible navigation suitable for specific situations Nearest bathroom Go underground when it rains Pedestrian zones on Sundays Navigation Destination: Wako Turn left, and turn left again at the end of the hall.

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Service (3): Emergency information

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Service (4): Advertisement information by shops and stores

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Service (5): Other information services Mobile bulletin board service Weather information

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Ex. 3 Other Location-aware information service projects

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Educational guide for kids in botanical garden

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Ubiquitous Museum ucode is used for the management of art works, and also used for visitors services for exhibition. [Ubiquitous ID Center, YRP UNL, National Fine Art Museums of Japan]

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Standardization Activities Related to the Ubiquitous ID Technology

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Standardization Activities Related to the Ubiquitous Location-Based Information Services Industry-based SDOs Ubiquitous ID Center International de-jour SDOs NID (Networked aspects of identification systems including RFIDs and USN), SG16 in ITU-T

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Ubiquitous ID Center

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Ubiquitous ID Center Ubiquitous ID Center is a standardization organization of ubiquitous computing technologies. Ubiquitous ID Center is a standardization organization of ubiquitous computing technologies. Our activity is based on the joint work with many partners from all over the world. Our activity is based on the joint work with many partners from all over the world. companies, academia, industry consortium, government agency, etc. companies, academia, industry consortium, government agency, etc. About 450 members are supporting our center. About 450 members are supporting our center. Established in June 2002 Established in June 2002

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Standardization activity in SG16, ITU-T Multimedia information delivery services and applications triggered by tag-based identification

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Standardization in SG16, ITU-T Scope In SG16, we are working the standardization of Multimedia information delivering services and applications triggered by tag-based identification Working Program [F.mid] Recommendation on service descriptions and requirements for multimedia information services triggered by tag-based identification [H.mid] Recommendation on architecture of multimedia information services triggered by tag-based identification Recommendation on ID code Recommendation on ID Resolution Protocol …

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Conclusion

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Conclusion Few suggestions for UBGI 1.Technology should match with ultra tiny devices such as RFIDs, sensor networks, and mobile devices. eg. Short location ID encoding scheme suitable for RFID 2.Network protocol standards for GI are necessary. 3.Harmonization with various ubiquitous computing/networking technologies is preferable. 4.B2C applications rather than B2B applications. 5.So, business model is very important.

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved For More Information... Ubiquitous ID Center

ISO TC211 Workshop © 2007, by Ubiquitous ID Center, All Rights Reserved Definition: ucode and atom Three types of ucode For the targets – Physical ucode identifies physical entities in the real-world Usually, physical ucode is stored in a physical small tag. – Logical ucode identifies logical objects such as digital contents, and concepts which are meaningful for human being. As an ontology framework – Relation ucode identifies the relationship between two ucodes. (A part of logical ucode) atom Data such as character strings, URL, and numbers which are not associated with ucode. UCR Model represents real-world semantics using the combination of the three types of ucodes and atoms.