Professor A. Dhai Director Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics

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Presentation transcript:

Preserving, Protecting & Improving Research Integrity in Africa; Challenges and Recommendations Professor A. Dhai Director Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics University of the Witwatersrand South Africa Amaboo.dhai@wits.ac.za World Conference on Research Integrity – Lisbon September 2007

Research Integrity Integrity : *“moral uprightness; honesty” *The Concise Oxford Dictionary – 9ed

Scientific Misconduct FFP: widely accepted defn from USA Fed Policy on Research Misconduct Includes also: Deviation from or failure to adhere to proposed protocol without proper permission Misrepresentation Falsification of credentials Deception in research proposal Deception in carrying out of research Piracy of materials Failure to obtain informed consent breaches of confidentiality Undertaking research without REC clearance Any one of all other deviations from accepted ethical standards Schneider B, Schuklenk U, Module 6: Special Issues, Developing World Bioethics; 2005:5,92-108

Research Integrity: African Focus Human Research Subject Protections: Vulnerable Populations 10/90 Disequilibrium N/S “Collaboration” – Power Differentials

Department of Health - SA Health Professions Council of South Africa National Health Act – Chapter 9

RESEARCH INTEGRITY –. POLICY, CODES, GUIDELINES. AND OVERSIGHT BEYOND RESEARCH INTEGRITY – POLICY, CODES, GUIDELINES AND OVERSIGHT BEYOND HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTIONS

*Institutes of Higher Cheating University of KwaZulu-Natal University of South Africa: senior history lecturer plagiarized masters student thesis; philosophy lecturer charged with plagiarism & 3 doctoral theses rejected Stellenbosch University: 2006: 17 cases, 3 postgraduate University of Cape Town: 39 cases since 2006, 1 postgraduate University of the Free State: 2006 : 7 cases, 1 postgraduate University of Pretoria: 2006: 22 cases, 2 postgraduate *Sunday Times: June 10th 2007

Research Fraud in SA – Bezwoda Severe blow to Institution’s reputation Erosion of system of trust in research Undermining of existing “honor system” for conference presentations & publications A diseased research culture? Ghost authors

RESPONSE HPCSA DST DOH ARC INSTITUTIONS: Programs on scientific integrity Increased vigilance More stringent disciplinary action Plagiarism software

PREVENTION - Specific Challenges & Recommendations Detection Resources Supervisors as ghost & guest authors Whistle-blower protections Future research direction

American Association of University Professors “All true universities, whether public or private, are public trusts designed to advance knowledge by safeguarding the free inquiry of teachers and scholars. Their independence is essential because the university provides knowledge not only to its students, but also to the public agency in need of expert guidance and the general society in need of greater knowledge, … these latter clients have a stake in disinterested professional opinion, stated without fear or favor, which the institution is morally required to respect.”