Physical Properties of Matter Ms. Petrauskas

Definition A physical property is a characteristic or description of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition of that substance.

Density How much mass something has in relation to how much space it take up. Mass per unit volume (g/ml) or (g/cm3)

Melting Point Temperature at which a solid melts. 0°C 37°C 1540°C

Hardness Measure of resistance of a solid being scratched or dented

Boiling Point The temperature at which a liquid begins to boil

Solubility The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent such as water What determines solubility? Heat increases solubility Surface Area increase dissolving rate Solvent: the substance dissolving - water Solute: the substance getting dissolved – sugar What can be soluble? Gases, solid and liquids Gas: in soda Solid: Sugar in water Liquid: Honey in tea

Viscosity Measure of a liquids resistance to flow: thicker the liquid the more viscous it is E.g. glue is more viscous than water

Lustre Shininess or dullness

Brittleness Breakability or flexibility

Conductivity How well a substance allows an electric current to pass through it

Malleability The ability of a substance to be hammered into sheets

Ductility The ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire

Others State: solid, liquid, gas Clarity: opaque, clear, translucent Texture: smooth, rough Colour: black, white, colourless Shape: round, square, length/width/height Odour: putrid, floral, musky Taste: Is it sweet, sour, bitter, salty, spicy etc.

Quantitative Description using a measurement Height in cm: Julie is 156cm tall Weight in kg: Arthur is 95kg Time: The movie was 130 minutes long Volume: The soda was missing 30ml Density: The density of the rock was 16.7 g/ml Etc……

Qualitative A description of the quality of a substance or object. Suzie is taller than Marlee Sheila’s hair is darker than Megan’s I can throw the tennis ball farther That rope appears to be really sturdy

Physical Change Review A change in which the composition remains unaltered and no new substances are produced Ex. Change in form: breaking a glass Ex. Changing state (freezing, melting, condensation, evaporation, sublimation) Dissolving- mixing sugar and water

Important! Follow lab safety rules- follow instructions; no tasting, keep things organized and neat, no horseplay, something breaks tell me right away CLEAN UP AFTER USE!!!!!!!! Zero tolerance rule; I catch you breaking the rules once and you’re OUT!