Chapter 6 Critical Approaches.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 6 Critical Approaches

Overview Political frame of reference Role of theorist Unitary-common org. goals/conflict is rare Pluralist-org. consist of groups w/ diverse interests Role of theorist Prescriptive-finding effective techniques for organizing Descriptive-explaining relationships to understand Sites of domination-raise awareness of people involved

Roots of Critical Approach Karl Marx & Fredrick Ingles Critical theory Societal structures and imbalances lead to fundamental imbalances of power Imbalance of power leads to alienation and oppression Role of critical theorist is to uncover imbalances and bring to the attention of the oppressed

Pervasiveness of power Definition of power (what is power?) What are sources of power in an org? (p. 123) Traditional approach Hierarchy, structure Symbological approach Views power as a product of communicative interactions and relationships Radical-critical approach Concerned with “deep structures” that produce and reproduce relationships in org. life Contribute to hostile work environment-lead to exclusion

Pervasiveness of power Control of modes of production Economic conditions that underlie the production process Control of means of production Actual work process Control of gender issues Focus on patriarchy Stereotypical female characteristics are devalued (emotion, empathy, intuition) Control of org. discourse The way we comm. can empower power

Ideology and hegemony Ideology Hegemony Taken for granted assumptions about reality that influence perceptions of situations and events Hegemony Process in which a dominant group leads another group to accept subordination as the norm

Emancipation Liberation of people from unnecessarily restrictive traditions, assumptions, ideologies and power relations Dialectic of control “Relations of autonomy and dependence (power relations) are never fixed; that is, subordinates can always exercise some degree of control over the conditions of hegemonic reproduction” (awareness)

Critical Approaches Theory Concertive control theory Power relations still exist with a team based environment Three concepts Control Simple, technological, bureaucratic Identification Discipline (self monitoring)

Critical Approaches Theory Feminist theories Org.’s are inherently patriarchal Traditional vs. feminist characteristics “bounded rationality” (logic vs. emotion) Different view points toward male domination Liberal feminists Radical feminists Case in Point - “Using the F Word” (p. 133) Sexual harassment Framing devices & Policies still tend to oppress (Table 6-2/p. 135) Hostile work environment-degree of exclusion

Research methods Quantitative Interpretive Deconstruction Demonstrates how resources are distributed in organizations or how individuals perceive their lives within org’s Interpretive Similar to those used by cultural scholars Deconstruction Involves “taking apart” a text in order to reveal social and political meanings

So What? What does this mean to you? Do you feel like you have ever been marginalized, been put at a disadvantage, or missed an opportunity because of certain cultural characteristics? What’s the role of communication? How can we make change?