The Rock Cycle

The Earth's crust (outermost layer of the Earth) is made up of 3 types of rock.

Type of Rock #1 – Igneous Rock

Igneous Rocks: Are formed from the cooling of molten rock (magma and lava) Under the Earth's crust some rock has melted into Magma When the magma is ejected out of the Earth's crust through a volcano, it is then called lava If magma cools and hardens beneath the earth's crust it is considered plutonic igneous rock If lava cools and hardens on the Earth's surface it is called volcanic igneous rock

Type of Rock #2 - Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary Rock: Wind and water cause erosion to occur, breaking off pieces of rock and carrying them to a new location The pieces of broken rock, along with sand, pebbles, shells, and plant matter gather together These gathered materials compress together into layers called sediment (hence sedimentary rock) Sedimentary rock is softer than igneous rock and often contains fossils Most of the rock on the Earth is sedimentary

P.E.I – Elephant rock, erosion from the water.

Rock Type #3 - Metamorphic Rock Type #3- Metamorphic Rock On the border of Utah and Arizona. Sand dunes that have been subjected to heat / pressure.

Metamorphic Rock: Rocks deep within the Earth are put through intense heat and pressure In time, this heat and pressure transforms sedimentary and igneous rock into metamorphic rock Example: Limestone (sedimentary) turns into marble (metamorphic) Limestone Marble

So What Does the Rock Cycle Look Like? Magma and Lava Melting Cooling Melting Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock Heat / Pressure Heat and pressure Sedimentary Rock Eroded by wind, water, and ice Compressed into rock Erosion Sediment Erosion Let's go through each step!

Magma and lava cool and harden to produce The Rock Cycle Magma and Lava Cooling Igneous Rock Magma and lava cool and harden to produce Igneous rock.

Igneous rock erodes or breaks up and The Rock Cycle Magma and Lava Cooling Melting Igneous Rock Eroded by wind, water, and ice Sediments Igneous rock erodes or breaks up and becomes sediment -OR- can melt and become magma and lava again

The Rock Cycle Sediments are compressed to create sedimentary rocks Magma and Lava Cooling Melting Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Eroded by wind, water, and ice Erosion Compressed into rock Sediments Sediments are compressed to create sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rock can also be eroded or broken up to become sediment again

The Rock Cycle Magma and Lava Magma and Lava Igneous Rock Melting Cooling Melting Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock Heat and pressure Eroded by wind, water, and ice Sedimentary Rock Erosion Compressed into rock Sediments Sedimentary rock can either melt and become magma or lava – OR – it can undergo heat and pressure and become Metamorphic rock

The Rock Cycle Magma and Lava Magma and Lava Melting Cooling Melting Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock Heat / Pressure Heat and pressure Eroded by wind, water, and ice Sedimentary Rock Erosion Compressed into rock Erosion Sediments Metamorphic rock can either melt and become magma or lava – OR – it can erode and become sediments

The Rock Cycle Magma and Lava Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock Melting Cooling Melting Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock Heat / Pressure Sedimentary Rock Eroded by wind, water, and ice Erosion Compressed into rock Sediment Erosion

Summary The Canadian Shield – Mostly made of igneous and Igneous- Cooling of molten rock (magma and lava) Sedimentary- Eroded gathered materials compress together Metamorphic - heat and pressure The Canadian Shield – Mostly made of igneous and metamorphic rock -igneous because roots of ancient mountains (magma, lava)

Interactive Rock Cycle Animation http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm

Questions 1. What is the difference between magma and lava? 2. Explain how both volcanic igneous rock and plutonic igneous rock form. 3. Explain how sedimentary rock is formed. 4. Name the type of rock most common on the Earth's surface. 5. Name 2 forces that change sedimentary or igneous rock into another type of rock. Name this new type of rock. 6. Was today's lesson easy or difficult to understand? Why?