Topic 1-FAQ’s

macromolecules

Proteins Monomer: Polymer:

What are the 3 parts of an amino acid? A. Amino Group B. Carboxyl Group C. “R” Group D. All of the above?

Answer: D

Enzymes Made up of proteins Biological Catalysts-speed up rate of reactions for living things Do this by lowering activation energy Example: lactase Unchanged by rxn Lactase breaks down lactose. What would happen if it wasn’t there? Would have to WAIT for it to be broken down-and people who are lactose intolerant-does it happen quickly?

Enzymes Shape is REALLY important Active site + substrate must match Enzymes stop working if: pH is altered Temperature is altered

What are enzymes? Lipids needed for storing fat Proteins that act as biological catalysts Nucleic acids used for storing genetic information Carbohydrates needed for quick energy

Answer: B

How do enzymes act as catalysts? They speed up the rate of a reaction by lowering activation energy They slow down the rate of a reaction by increasing activation energy They speed up the rate of a reaction by increasing the activation energy They slow down the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy

Answer: A

If the temperature of an enzyme is drastically increased, what will happen? It will continue working It will eventually stop working, because it will change shape or become denatured It will stop working because its substrate (or what it is working on) will break down It will rapidly speed up the reaction

Answer: B

Lipids Monomer: Fatty acids and glycerol Examples: fats, oils, cholesterol, waxes Primary component of cell wall Storage of long term energy

What is a fatty acid? The monomer of a lipid A long chain of carbons and hydrogens Can be saturated or unsaturated All of the above

Answer: D

Nucleic Acids Monomer: Nucleotide-3 parts Elements: CHOPN

Nucleic Acids Role for living things: storage of genetic information Examples: DNA, RNA

What is DNA made of? Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Answer: D

What elements do nucleic acids contain? CHO CHOSN CHOPN

Answer: C

What is the role of nucleic acids for living things? Speed up the rate of reactions Storing genetic information Storing of energy Structure

Answer: B

Carbohydrates Monomer: monosaccharides (simple sugars) Polymer: polysaccharide (ex. starch) Energy source

Carbo Hydrate Formula: C6H12O6 Divide by six: C H2O

What is the polymer of a carbohydrate? Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Nucleic Acid Amino Acid

Answer: B

Chemistry Bond-how two atoms are held together Ionic bond-transfer of elections (weak) Covalent bond-sharing of elections (strong)

Importance of carbon? Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell, which means it can make 4 covalent bonds This allows it to make huge complex structures that make up living things (carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)

Organic Molecules Have Carbon and Hydrogen All living things are made up of organic molecules (proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids)

Which of the following is matched up correctly: Ionic bond-sharing of electrons Covalent bond-sharing of electrons Ionic bond-strong Covalent bond-weak

Answer: B

What about carbon makes it great at making large complex molecules? Its ability to make 4 covalent bonds Its ability to make 4 ionic bonds The fact it has neutrons The fact it has protons

Answer: A

Dehydration Synthesis Losing a water molecule to join two monomers to make a polymer Aka polymer synthesis

Hydrolysis Splitting a water molecule to break a bond

The linking of two monomers by losing a water molecule is Polymerization Hydrolysis Dehydration synthesis Both A and C

Answer: D

Polar vs. Non Polar Polar Non polar Electrons favor one side Ex: water (H end more positive, O end more negative) Electrons evenly dispersed

Hydrogen Bonds Hydrogen-positively charged Bonds with negatively charged atoms

Important properties of H2O Cohesion Adhesion High specific heat Universal Solvent Density

Why is water a polar molecule? Its electrons are evenly distributed Its oxygen end is really positive Its hydrogen end is more positive than the oxygen end Its hydrogen end is more negative than the oxygen end

Answer: C

In the diagram, why is the hydrogen attracted to the oxygen? It is forming a hydrogen bond because the positive hydrogen is attracted to the negative oxygen It is forming an ionic bond It is forming a covalent bond

Answer: A