THE PRIMARY STRUCTURES OF PROTEINS

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Presentation transcript:

THE PRIMARY STRUCTURES OF PROTEINS AMINO ACIDS

The -carbon is chiral: L and D forms All protein amino acids are L forms

+ _

Peptide bonds are planar and partially ionic

Note the Directionality:

Glycine and alanine have the smallest, simplest side chains. Both have side chains that are non-polar and neutral. Hydrophobicity (Go for transfer from butanol to water): -0.4 1.8

Valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, and proline are non-polar , neutral, and alaphatic. Hydrophobicities: 4.2 3.8 4.5 1.9 -1.6

Phenylalanine and tryptophan are non-polar, neutral, and aromatic. Hydrophobicities: 2.8 -0.9

Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are polar and neutral. Hydrophobicities: -0.8 -0.7 -1.3

Cysteine, asparagine, and glutamine are neutral and… non-polar polar polar. Hydrophobicities: 2.5 -3.5 -3.5

Lysine, arginine, and histidine are polar and positively charged. below pH 7) Hydrophobicities: -3.9 -4.5 -3.2

Aspartate and glutamate are polar and negatively charged. Hydrophobicities: -3.5 -3.5

(Shoulders represent Transitions) -

Titration of a small polypeptide: gly-lys-ala N C Note: shoulders in titration curve only for C-term, N-term, and side chains

explain the toxicity of some deadly Chinese mushrooms: There are different, non-protein amino acids. Three amino acids probably explain the toxicity of some deadly Chinese mushrooms: 2R-amino-4S-hydroxy-5-hexynoic acid; 2R-amino-5-hexynoic acid gamma-guanidinobutyric acid. There are different, non-protein amino acids. Science 335: 1293 (12 March 2012): amino acids in mushrooms are probably the deadly toxins: 2R-amino-4S-hydroxy-5-hexyonic acid; 2R-amino-5-hexyonic acid, gamma-guanidinobutyric acid.