Mechanisms, Clinical Significance, and Prevention of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Lena Rivard, MD, MSc, Paul Khairy, MD,

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Mechanisms, Clinical Significance, and Prevention of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Lena Rivard, MD, MSc, Paul Khairy, MD, PhD Canadian Journal of Cardiology Volume 33, Issue 12, Pages 1556-1564 (December 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.09.024 Copyright © 2017 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Summary of meta-analyses on AF and cognitive impairment. Three meta-analyses have assessed the association between AF and cognitive impairment. The diamonds represent point estimates from pooled analyses for each meta-analysis. AF, atrial fibrillation; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2017 33, 1556-1564DOI: (10.1016/j.cjca.2017.09.024) Copyright © 2017 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Silent cerebral ischemia. Shown are cerebral magnetic resonance imaging transverse axial views of the brain in a 59-year-old man with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, a Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age (≥75 years), Diabetes, Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack, Vascular Disease, Age (65-74 years), Sex (Female) (CHA2DS2-VASc) score of 0, and mild cognitive impairment. The white spots in the cerebral cortex represent multiple areas of silent cerebral ischemia. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2017 33, 1556-1564DOI: (10.1016/j.cjca.2017.09.024) Copyright © 2017 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Overview of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms linking atrial fibrillation to cognitive impairment and therapeutic modalities investigated. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2017 33, 1556-1564DOI: (10.1016/j.cjca.2017.09.024) Copyright © 2017 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Terms and Conditions