Homework is for more practice will be the study guide for section 4-4. 4.4 Cellular Respiration Purpose today is to understand the steps of cell respiration, to show this understanding you will fill in the notes and be able to label the diagram of the mitochondria showing the steps. You will need to show me for a stamp that the picture is completed before leaving. Homework is for more practice will be the study guide for section 4-4.

Cellular respiration Cellular respiration is a process in all eukaryotes that breaks down sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present. 1

Because cellular respiration needs oxygen, it is an aerobic (requires oxygen) process. In eukaryotic cells, the aerobic parts of the process take place in mitochondria. mitochondrion animal cell 2

The step that leads to cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm and is anaerobic (no oxygen) 3

Glyco = glucose Lysis = break down The anaerobic process that leads to cellular respiration is called glycolysis. Glyco = glucose Lysis = break down 4

In glycolysis, two ADP molecules are used to split a molecule of glucose into 2 three-carbon molecules, which produces two ATP molecules. 5

energy from glycolysis Glycolysis yields a net increase of two ATP molecules. Then, if oxygen is available, the products of glycolysis are used in cellular respiration. 6H O 2 6CO 6O mitochondrion matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane) inner membrane ATP energy energy from glycolysis 1 4 3 and 6

Aerobic With oxygen Cell Respiration VOCABULARY CHECK For each of the terms write a short precise stage that describes its meaning. For example a short phrase to describe ATP could be “energy for cells” Cell Respiration Produces ATP when oxygen is available Aerobic With oxygen

Glycolysis No oxygen Anaerobic VOCABULARY CHECK For each of the terms write a short precise stage that describes its meaning. For example a short phrase to describe ATP could be “energy for cells” Anaerobic No oxygen Breaks glucose , creates ATP Glycolysis

Produces ATP when oxygen is available CHECK What is cell respiration? Produces ATP when oxygen is available

CHECK Where does the anaerobic stage take place? In the cytoplasm

Breaks glucose , creates ATP CHECK What does glycolysis do? Breaks glucose , creates ATP

Cellular respiration takes place in two general stages, in two different parts of the mitochondria 7

The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions that further breaks down the 3-carbon molecules from glycolysis. 8

The Krebs cycle takes place in the matrix, or interior space, of mitochondria. 9

These chemical reactions produce carbon dioxide, a small number of ATP molecules, and energy-carrying molecules that are used in the second stage of cellular respiration. 10

• An electron transport chain uses the energy-carrying molecules from the Krebs cycle to produce a large number of ATP molecules. 11

Water, which is released as a waste product, is also formed Water, which is released as a waste product, is also formed. The electron transport chain is in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 12

The overall, simplified chemical equation for the cellular respiration process is Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy 13

Occurs in Matrix (the liquid) Diagram of the Process Occurs across Cristae (folded mitochondria membrane) Occurs in Cytoplasm Occurs in Matrix (the liquid)

Glycolysis must take place first. anaerobic process (does not require oxygen) takes place in cytoplasm splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules produces two ATP molecules

energy from glycolysis The Krebs cycle transfers energy to an electron transport chain. takes place in mitochondrial matrix breaks down three-carbon molecules from glycolysis 6H O 2 6CO 6O mitochondrion matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane) inner membrane ATP energy energy from glycolysis 1 4 3 and makes a small amount of ATP releases carbon dioxide transfers energy-carrying molecules

energy from glycolysis The electron transport chain produces a large amount of ATP. takes place in inner membrane energy transferred to electron transport chain oxygen enters process ATP produced 6H O 2 6CO 6O mitochondrion matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane) inner membrane ATP energy energy from glycolysis 1 4 3 and Electron Transport water released as a waste product

The equation for cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products of cellular respiration.

energy from glycolysis 6H O 2 6CO 6O mitochondrion matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane) inner membrane ATP energy energy from glycolysis 1 4 3 and