Proteins By Amber C and Lyla A

Vocabulary Protein Amino Acids Hormones Peptide bond Dipeptide Supply raw material for growth & repair of structures such as skin and muscle Amino Acids A simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl and an amino group Hormones A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood to stimulate specific cells or tissues in action Peptide bond A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O). Dipeptide A peptide composed of two amino acid residues Polypeptide A peptide composed of three or more amino acid residues

Proteins Functions What do Proteins do? Enzymes help chemical reactions occur Antibodies fight disease Hormones chemical messengers Help produce pigment Structural parts Some proteins control the rate of reactions and regular cell process, others transport substances

Amino Acids Building blocks of protein 8 essential amino acids 20 different kinds 8 essential amino acids AA assemble themselves into protein molecules like letters in words Proteins molec. Are long and folded chains made of AA in a specific sequence Joined by covalent bonds

Hydrolysis In presence of water and proteases the peptide bonds are broken What is a protease? Type of enzyme with main function to help digest different kinds of proteins. What is a common example of hydrolysis? DIGESTION

Peptides Maybe should add more? Two amino acids undergo dehydration synthesis resulting in dipeptide. A chain of amino acids is a polypeptide What type of bond is a peptide bond? COVALENT

Structure Of Proteins Functions of proteins are usually a result of its 3D structure, which is determined by the amino acid sequence. If it’s structure is disturbed, the protein doesn’t function. Usually composed of more than one amino acid chain Spiral shape

Post-presentation quiz Which proteins control the rate of reactions and regular cell process? What is a covalent bond? And example: What is a common example of hydrolysis? How is the function of a protein determined? How is a polypeptide formed? (What steps?) Enzymes 2) A bond created by the sharing of electrons, a peptide bond 3) Digestion 4) By its 3D structure 5) Two amino acids undergo dehydration synthesis and form a dipeptide and a water molecule. For each amino acid added to the chain there is a water molecule release. One less water than number of AAs.