Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute The Army’s only organization for Peace and Stability Operations at the strategic and operational level UN Peacekeeping Training Unit 7: Situational Training Exercises (STX) Classroom Instructional Briefing

Learning Objectives At the conclusions of the session, US trainers will: Be familiar with the principles of the Army Learning Model Understand lane training characteristics and principles & be able to apply them to UN peacekeeping training Be familiar with the lane training process & understand how to design a STX lane Be familiar with the STX lane packages provided Be prepared to partner with counterparts to deliver STX lanes or train counterparts to deliver STX lanes

Agenda References Army Learning Model STX Purpose & Objective Lane Training Characteristics & Principles Lane Training Phases After Action Review STX Lane Overview & Orientation Lane Development Summary/Conclusion

References Available UN DPKO DFS References/Resources: UN Infantry Battalion Manual (Volume 1) August 2012 UN Infantry Battalion Manual (Volume 2) August 2012 Protection of Civilians Military Reference Guide (January 2013) DPKO-DFS Specialized Training Materials on PoC and Prevention and Response to Conflict-Related Sexual Violence (November 2011) UN Core Pre-deployment Training Materials (CPTM) US Army References/Resources: TC 25-10 A Leader’s Guide to Lane Training (August 1996) TRADOC PAM 525-8-2 The Army Learning Concept for 2015 (January 2011) TC 7-98-1 Stability and Support Operations Training Support Package (June 1997)

Soldier & Leader Skills As a RAF trainer, you must assist your counterparts prepare their soldiers & leaders to: Learn to transition between offensive, defensive, and stability operations or civil support Develop operational adaptability through critical thinking, willingness to accept risk, and the ability to adjustments Be comfortable with ambiguity and quickly adapt to the dynamics of evolving operations Think independently and act decisively, morally, and ethically Learn general cultural skills that may be applied to any environment as well as information specific to their AO

Training Design Implications When designing & developing training: Recognize past experience [alone] is not sufficient preparation for the complexity of future operational challenges Convert learning experiences into collaborative problem-solving events led by facilitators rather than instructor-led, time-driven exercises Engage learners to think and understand the relevance and context of what they learn rather than execute a task Account for prior knowledge and experience and adjust training to meet the needs of the training audience

STX Defined A Situational Training Exercise is a short, scenario-driven, mission-oriented, limited exercise designed to train one collective task or a group of related tasks or battle drills, through practice Designed using the lane training process Often conducted under conditions replicating the unit’s operational mission and environment Usually conducted as a live training simulation; but can be conducted as a constructive or virtual simulation

STX Objectives The primary objectives of STX lanes are to develop, maintain, regain, or enhance proficiency for mission-essential task list-driven soldier and leader individual tasks, collective tasks and battle drills

Exercise 1: Training Impact of the Army Learning Model Scenario: You are a RAF planner. You will be designing and developing training for your counterparts. You have the following information: Excerpts from TRADOC Pam 525-8-2: The U.S. Army Learning Concept for 2015 (referred to as ALC 2015) (20 JAN 2011) TC 25-10: A Leader’s Guide to Lane Training (26 AUG 1996) Task: Review the Army Learning Model (ALM) information provided, and reflecting on STX lanes you have designed or participated in, identify how the dynamics of legacy lane training could be adapted to incorporate the new learning principles identified (i.e. How will the new principles change the nature of lane training? How will they change the nature of the AAR?) Purpose: To assist trainers in adapting training development processes to encompass new training models Time: 15 minutes

STX Lane Characteristics Small Unit Focus Disciplined Scenario Battle-Focus Validated Tasks Controlled Tasks & Events Trained O/Cs Trained OPFOR Support from Outside Unit Trained STX Lane Pre-STX Leader Training Pre-STX Unit Training Pre-STX Rehearsals Pre-STX Validation Leader & Unit Rehearsals Lane Training Multipliers Task Performance Evaluation After Action Reviews (AARs) Retraining Opportunity Post-STX Validation

Lane Training Principles Plan long range to resource training Select appropriate tasks Design progressive and structured training Make training realistic Apply the Crawl-Walk-Run training technique Employ the Over-Training technique Use Observer/Controllers & Opposing Forces Train Leaders First Use a training and proficiency verification process Validate training, plans and materials Employ a multi-functional & multi-echelon training strategy Rehearse training prior to execution Train to the respective standard Provide feedback on training proficiency using an AAR Institutionalize Lessons Learned

Lane Training Phases Planning: Actions involving unit assessment, training assessment, analysis, design, development, scheduling, resource acquisition, support coordination, pre-training and preparation for training Execution: Actions involving preparation, presentation and performance of collective tasks to desired standards Assessment: AARs and follow-up actions (e.g. updating standing operating procedures, etc.)

Exercise 2: Lane Planning Considerations Scenario: You are a RAF planner. You will be meeting your counterparts to discuss setting up a STX lane on Cordon and Search. You have the following information: TC 25-10 A Leader’s Guide to Lane Training (August 1996) UN Infantry Battalion Manual (Volume 1) August 2012 UN Infantry Battalion Manual (Volume 2) August 2012 Letter from the training unit commander with a rough troop list, requested conditions, training assessment and exercise director’s initial guidance. Task: Successful lane training relies on understanding lane characteristics and applying lane training principles. Working within a syndicate, using the resources provided, review the lane training characteristics and principles, then identify the tasks and challenges associated with each phase of the lane training process. (e.g. Designing STX lanes for PKO will involve adapting tactical tasks to account for the operational environment dynamics in the AO). Purpose: To identify the tasks and challenges associated with designing and developing appropriate STX lane training for peacekeeping training. Time: 20 minutes

After Action Review (AAR) Professional discussion of an event, focused on performance standards Enables soldier to discover for themselves what happened; why it happened; how to sustain strengths and improve on weaknesses Provides: Candid insights into specific soldier, leader and unit strengths and weaknesses, from various perspectives Feedback and insight critical to battle-focused training Details often lacking in evaluation reports alone Can be formal or informal

STX Lane Overview & Orientation Squad/Section level STX lanes Incorporate primary, support or other tasks identified in the United Nations Infantry Battalion Manual (Volumes 1 & 2) Incorporate tasks identified in Protection of Civilians Military Reference Guide (JAN 2013) Nests with the Carana Scenario Battalion CPX Based on the fictitious environment created for UN Module 6: Scenario-based Exercises on Protection of Civilians

STX Lane 1 (Patrolling) Situation: In response to a developing internally displaced person (IDP) situation, the Squad/Section is tasked to conduct a short range patrol. They will be directed to liaise with local police agencies and IO/NGOs operating in the area and to interact with locals to understand the ongoing issues and concerns. The Squad/ Section will react to an informal checkpoint, a mechanical break down and the need to conduct crowd control UNIBAM Tasks: Primary: Patrolling Supporting/Other: Outreach and Engagement, Situational Awareness Protection of Civilian (PoC) Tasks: Primary: Conduct Patrols Supporting/Other: Understand the Operating Environment; Manage & Share Multi-Source Information; Manage Expectations; Establish & Maintain a Safe & Secure Environment; Conduct Engagements with Key Leaders & the Population; Conduct Risk Mitigation

STX Lane 2 (Checkpoint) Situation: In response to reports of a rebel splinter group forcibly conscripting men and boys, the Squad/Section is tasked to establish a temporary checkpoint, in conjunction with local police agencies. The Squad/Section should be prepared to coordinate with local police and civil administration officials. They should determine if other elements of the mission should be co-located. .The Squad/Section will react to a small group of armed personnel attempting to move through the checkpoint, to reports of abduction, and to conduct crowd control. UNIBAM Tasks: Primary: Checkpoint Supporting/Other: Outreach and Engagement, Situational Awareness, Crowd Management, Detention Protection of Civilian (PoC) Tasks: Primary: Establish Checkpoints, Guard Posts & Observation Posts Supporting/Other: Understand the Operating Environment; Manage & Share Multi-Source Information; Manage Expectations; Establish & Maintain a Safe & Secure Environment; Conduct Engagements with Key Leaders & the Population; Conduct Risk Mitigation

STX Lane 3 (Convoy & Escort) Situation: As a result of worsening security conditions, the Squad/Section is tasked to organize a convoy to escort UNHCR elements. The Squad/Section should be prepared to coordinate with local police and civil administration officials as well as their UNHCR counterparts. The Squad/Section will react to an obstacle (unattended), negotiate a checkpoint (held by local police), deal with a mechanical break down, have the convoy penetrated by other unauthorized vehicles, and have to conduct crowd control at the destination to avoid plunder. UNIBAM Tasks: Primary: Convoy & Escort Supporting/Other: Outreach and Engagement, Situational Awareness, Crowd Management Protection of Civilian (PoC) Tasks: Primary: Support Humanitarian Assistance Supporting/Other: Coordinate with Other Actors, Understand the Operating Environment; Manage & Share Multi-Source Information; Manage Expectations; Establish & Maintain a Safe & Secure Environment; Conduct Engagements with Key Leaders & the Population; Conduct Risk Mitigation

Exercise 3: Lane Development Scenario: You are a RAF planner. You will be meeting your counterparts to discuss setting up a STX lane on Cordon and Search. You have the following information: TC 25-10 A Leader’s Guide to Lane Training (August 1996) UN Infantry Battalion Manual (Volume 1) August 2012 UN Infantry Battalion Manual (Volume 2) August 2012 Protection of Civilians Military Reference Guide (JAN 2013) Letter from the training unit commander with a rough troop list, requested conditions, training assessment and exercise director’s initial guidance. Task: Using the resources provided as guides, begin the initial planning for the STX lane. Identify how the task, as performed in a peacekeeping environment, differs from how it is performed in a MOAC environment Purpose: To provide a sketch Time: 20 minutes

Learning Objectives At the conclusions of the session, US trainers will: Be familiar with the principles of the Army Learning Model Understand lane training characteristics and principles & be able to apply them to UN peacekeeping training Be familiar with the lane training process & understand how to design a STX lane Be familiar with the STX lane packages provided Be prepared to partner with counterparts to deliver STX lanes or train counterparts to deliver STX lanes

Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute The Army’s only organization for Peace and Stability Operations at the strategic and operational level UN Peacekeeping Training Unit 7: Situational Training Exercises (STX) Classroom Instructional Briefing