Skeletal System Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
The Skeletal System Three Functions Support Protection Movement Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
The Skeletal System II Hydrostatic Skeleton Consists of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment Cnidarians Flatworms Earthworms Move by using muscles to change the shape of the fluid filled compartments Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Skeletal System III Exoskeletons Hard encasement deposited on the surface of an animal Mollusks Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Snails Oysters Slugs Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Skeletal System IV Endoskeltons Consists of hard supporting elements, such as bones, buried within soft tissues of an animal. Humans Axial Skeleton Skull 8 cranial bones 14 facial bones Vertebral column (backbone) Rib cage 7 pairs of true ribs 3 pirs of false ribs 2 pairs of floating ribs Appendicular Skeleton Limb bones Pelvic girdles Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
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Muscular System Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
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Muscular System I Responsible for animal movement Three types of muscle Skeletal muscle Attached to bones and causes movement of the body Cardiac Muscle Responsible for the rhythmic contractions of the heart Smooth Muscle Lines the walls of hollow organs Lines the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
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Muscle System II Skeletal Muscle Contraction of muscle tissue Thin filaments Contain globular protein actin arranged in a double helix Thick filaments Contain filamentous protein myosin Both are parallel and arranged side by side Contraction of muscle tissue Sliding-filament model Moves with the use of ATP ATP can come creatine phosphate Able to generate enough ATP to keep muscles contracted for about 15 seconds Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
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Nervous System Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Nervous System I Three Functions Central Nervous System Sensory Input Integration Sensory Output Central Nervous System The brain and spinal cord (in vertebrates) Carries out the body’s responses to stimuli Peripheral Nervous System Communication of one neuron to another Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Nervous System Basics Nerves I Neurons Basic functional units of the human nervous system Three structures and functions Sensory (Afferent) Neurons Receives stimuli from environment Transmits impulses from skin and other sensory organs towards the CNS Ears; eyes; nose; tongue Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Nerves II Interneurons Motor (Efferent) Neurons Interprets impulses brought by sensory neurons Submits “commands” to the motor neurons Leads back to effector organs Motor (Efferent) Neurons Transmit impulses from the CNS to effectors Target cells that produce some kind of response Muscles Glands Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Nerves III Neurons Glia Cells Cell that transmits nerve impulses Cell body Dendrite Axon Glia Cells Support and protect the neurons Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
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Central Nervous System I Brain Cerebrum Contains center for learned behavior Center for thought, memory and reasoning Cerebellum Controls balance & muscular activities Medulla Controls involuntary functions Heartbeat; breathing; blood pressure Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Central Nervous System II Spinal Cord Reflex Rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus Most are spinal They only travel through the spinal cord and not the brain The Reflex Arc Pathway traveled by nerve impulses during a reflex Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Peripheral Nervous System I All nerves of all types that branch through the body from the CNS Consist of all nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord Has two divisions Somatic Autonomic Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Peripheral Nervous System II Somatic Consists of motor neurons that stimulate skeletal muscles Control actions at voluntary skeletal muscles Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Peripheral Nervous System III Autonomic Motor neurons that control the activities of Organs Glands Various involuntary muscles Cardiac and smooth muscle Two parts Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Autonomic Nervous System I Sympathetic Prepare the body for action Prepare body for situations requiring alertness or strength or situations that arouse fear anger, excitement or embarrassment (fight or flight) Responses that serve to fight of or retreat from danger Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Autonomic Nervous System II Parasympathetic Activates “calm” functions Stimulates the processes of digestion, urination and defecation Reduces blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates Conserves energy through relaxation and rest Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
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Diseases Excretion Respiratory System Kidney Failure Gout Bronchitis Physical trauma; chemical imbalance; high blood pressure Gout Respiratory System Bronchitis Asthma Emphysema Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018
Homework Assignment Distinguish the parts of the brain and their functions Thursday, November 15, 2018Thursday, November 15, 2018